When designing and building a house, it is necessary to take into account that there are a number of building standards approved by the state, compliance with which is the main condition for construction.
The required distance between residential buildings according to state standards is calculated based on the building material used for the manufacture of load-bearing structures.
- If both neighboring buildings are built from materials that are not subject to combustion, for example concrete, stone, as well as reinforced concrete, then the permitted distance between them is 6 meters or more;
- If the structures are made of the same non-combustible materials, but in combination with wooden floors, then the minimum permitted distance between residential buildings is at least 8 meters;
- For neighboring wooden houses made of flammable, as well as difficult to combustible and non-combustible materials, the standards require a minimum distance of at least 15 meters;
When designing a private house, all necessary distances must be calculated based on the protruding points of the future building, which are usually the bay window and porch.
In the event that all construction measurements are carried out even before the start of the actual construction with the utmost accuracy, then the possible redevelopment of the house during construction will not cause you any hassle or unpleasant surprises, since it will not require additional material costs to correct design defects.
Standards for the location of a residential building in relation to utility structures
It is recommended to erect a residential building at a distance exceeding 5 meters from the red line of the road and at a distance of at least three meters from residential streets and driveways. The red line in the field of urban planning is considered to be a conditional boundary that supposedly separates the roadway of the street directly from the residential area.
In order to comply with fire safety, the permissible distance between residential private buildings on adjacent plots of land should be in the range from 6 to 15 meters, depending on the level and degree of fire resistance of the buildings. In order to more conveniently carry out renovations, the regulations recommend placing a residential building with the building offset to the left or right side border of the land plot, but, nevertheless, the permitted distance from the fence of the site to the wall of the residential building is from 1-1.5 meters.
Economic facilities must be built deep within the land plot in compliance with the same requirements for their distance from boundaries that apply to residential buildings. It is recommended to build utility blocks separately from the main residential building. The fencing of the site on the side of the residential street must be specified in the design documents.
Standards for minimum distances between buildings
The standard minimum distance from a building to a street or driveway is as follows:
- From a residential building and outbuildings in relation to the red line of a residential street is at least 5 meters;
- At least 3 meters is allowed from a residential building to the red travel line;
- There must be at least 5 meters from utility buildings to the red travel line;
- A shed or car garage erected on a plot of land may be adjacent to the fence of the land plot on the side of a residential street or driveway. In addition, the placement of garages is allowed as free-standing, built-in or attached to a residential building and outbuildings.
The minimum distance for the location of the border on a neighboring plot of land according to sanitary and living characteristics:
- From a residential building - at least 3 meters;
- From an outbuilding for keeping pets - at least four meters. In addition, these structures are allowed to be attached only to small-sized residential buildings with the obligatory separation of them from residential premises by at least three working utility rooms;
- If there are utility blocks adjacent directly to a residential building, the distance must be measured separately in relation to each object:
- Residential building - car garage - at least 3 meters from the house, at least 1 meter from the car garage;
- Residential building for pets - at least 3 meters from a residential building, at least 4 meters from an auxiliary building for keeping animals.
When constructing outbuildings on a garden or dacha plot of land, located at a distance of one meter from the border of an adjacent garden or dacha plot of land, the roof slope of the building must be positioned in such a way that the runoff of natural precipitation does not fall on the neighboring plot of land and does not flood it. .
Standard minimum distance between structures located on adjacent plots of land:
- From a residential building or a residential private house to a yard shower, bathhouse building and restroom - at least 8 meters;
- From a natural well to an outdoor latrine and a composting facility - 8 meters.
- Minimum distance from the foundation of a residential building to utility communication networks:
- Power cables of all voltage types, as well as telephone communication cables, are located at a distance of at least 60 cm;
- Channels and communication tunnels are located at a distance exceeding 2 meters or more;
- For water supply, as well as pressure sewerage, a distance of more than 5 meters is provided.
The standards for distances between private construction objects given in the article will help to correctly design both the residential building itself and the proposed communication junctions. Compliance with these standards will help you put the constructed house into operation without any problems.
Video - Distance to the fence from buildings according to GOST
After purchasing a plot of land, the happy owners are already looking forward to how the space will be planned. There will be a house here, a chicken coop here, and a cesspool there. Some even hire landscape designers and architects, but many prefer to do the planning themselves. However, in Russia there are certain rules that require compliance with certain standards when developing a site, so as not to violate the rights of neighbors. The rules clearly state important points, for example, it explains what distance should be between private houses and at the same time fire safety precautions would be observed.
What is SNiP
There are codes of rules (SP) intended for use in the construction and design of all kinds of structures and buildings. For example, SP 30-102-99, developed in 1999, applies to planning and development of the private sector. There are codes regarding the construction of residential high-rise buildings, factories, enterprises or engineering structures.
The code contains rules (SNiP) regulating certain issues of construction and planning that must be followed. SNiP are building codes and regulations, compliance with which is mandatory when developing sites. If GOST standards are provided for goods, then SNiPs are provided for construction projects. Both concepts arose in the USSR to standardize construction or production of goods.
Modern legislators did not abandon Soviet standards, because during the many years of developing the rules, a group of engineers took into account all possible aspects of construction, which is why SNiPs are still in effect.
Construction standards for a site in the city or outside the city
First, let's decipher some definitions so as not to get confused in 
terms:
- Red line is a virtual border between private land and municipal or common land. Behind the red line there are roads, communication lines, water supply, gas pipelines, etc. The red line is named after the color with which it appears on cadastral maps. In fact, the red line is the line of the site boundaries.Private buildings should not go beyond the red line. Want to know where the red line is near your property? Look at the public map of Rosreestr here http://maps.rosreestr.ru/portalOnline/;
- site boundaries- these are virtual lines separating your site from the neighboring one. When surveying, boundary markers, often posts, are placed at boundary points (where straight lines break). Over time, especially if a fence is not installed between neighbors, the signs are lost, and boundaries can only be determined with the help of a specialist from the local administration or a cadastral engineer. The boundaries are always indicated on the site passport.
Now look at what standards exist for building a mansion:
- the distance from the house to the red line of the streets must be at least 5 meters (at least 3 meters to the road);
- the distance from the house to the fence between you and your neighbors should not be less than 3 meters;
- Poultry houses, rabbit hutches or sheds for keeping livestock can be built no closer than 4 meters to the border with neighbors;
- You can build a bathhouse or a garage no closer than a meter;
- Trees can be planted no closer than 4 meters (2 meters for medium-sized trees, one meter for shrubs).
Important:
individual parts of the house or outbuildings should not protrude more than half a meter (awnings, roof slope, etc.).
In this case, the minimum distance between houses must comply with fire safety standards:
- 6 meters if the neighboring houses are concrete or brick;
- 8 meters if the houses have wooden floors or are protected with fire-resistant materials (or one is concrete and the neighboring one is wooden);
- 10 meters if the houses are wooden.
The minimum may be higher, it all depends on the characteristics of the buildings, cladding, climate, etc. and therefore, it is better to contact the local department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, they will tell you the norm.
Standards for country houses
If your site is located in gardening, buildings must be planned in accordance with SNiP 30-02-97. According to the rules, a building in a dacha should not be closer than 15 meters to the forest planting.
As for the distances to the border with neighbors, the standards given above apply. That is, the distance from the fence with neighbors to the country house must be at least 3 meters. But there are also requirements for the fence between sections - it should not be higher than one and a half meters, and the fence should be mesh or lattice.
Recommendation.
If you still want to build a blind fence between the plots, then first you need to determine the feasibility of such a fence. If there is a reason, then having received the WRITTEN consent of your neighbor, you can calmly erect such a structure. Only a written document can help you in case of litigation.
Fine for violation of SNiP
SNiP is not a normative act, therefore the legislation does not provide for any liability for its violation. However, it's not that simple. The fact is that your actions should not violate the interests of your neighbors, especially in terms of the use of housing.
For example, you built a house in violation of the norms, a meter from the border with the neighboring plot. At the same time, water from your roof pours directly onto your neighbors’ beds. This is a violation! A neighbor can easily go to court, and the judge, according to the law, will make a decision in order to restore the neighbor’s rights and at the same time exclude a violation of building regulations.
Consequences of violation of SNiP
When restoring a neighbor's rights through the court, there is only one way out - demolition! In this case, all costs for restoring your neighbor’s rights are yours. That is, in order to restore the rights of a neighbor, you will be obliged to demolish your house if it is not built according to SNiPs.
It is precisely in order to protect yourself from enormous financial losses in the future that you need to take into account the subtleties when planning a site:
- how many meters should separate the red line from the nearest building;
- where you can build a garage or bathhouse.
FROM OVERHEAD LINE WIRES WITH VOLTAGE
UP TO 1 kV TO THE EARTH SURFACE IN POPULATION
TERRITORIES? /3, clause 2.4.55/
1. At least 1 m.
2. At least 2.5 m.
3. At least 3 m.
4. At least 5 m.
WITH WHICH PERSONNEL THE FORM IS REQUIRED
JOBS (VOCATIONAL TRAINING)
IS DUPLICATION? /1, clause 1.4.5.2/
1. With administrative and technical staff.
2. With operational and maintenance personnel.
3. With maintenance personnel.
4. With administrative, technical and maintenance personnel.
HOW FREQUENCY SHOULD INSPECTION BE CARRIED OUT?
SWITCH DEVICES WITHOUT DISCONNECTING
AT SITES WITHOUT PERMANENT DUTY
STAFF? /1, clause 2.2.39/
1. At least once a day.
2. At least once a week.
3. At least once every 2 weeks.
4. At least once a month.
IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD AT A TENSION LEVEL OF 4 kV/m?
/2, clause 24.4/
2. No more than 4 hours.
3. No more than 60 minutes.
4. No more than 30 minutes.
5. No more than 10 minutes.
WHO DETERMINES THE NEED FOR AN APPOINTMENT
RESPONSIBLE WORK MANAGER
IN AN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION? /2, clause 5.7/
1. Outstanding outfit.
2. Permissive.
3. Observer.
4. Responsible for the electrical equipment of the organization.
WHAT ELECTRICAL SAFETY GROUP CAN
BE ASSIGNED TO AN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY SPECIALIST,
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION CONTROLLER? /2, adj. 1, paragraph 6/
1. II group on electrical safety.
2. III group on electrical safety.
3. IV group on electrical safety.
4. Group III with inspection rights.
5. Group IV with the right of inspection.
WHAT TYPE OF PROTECTION IS THIS?
CABLE PINCERING DEVICE? /4, clause 1.1.5/
1. To individual voltage indicators.
2. To stationary voltage indicators.
3. To a hand-held insulating tool.
4. To special protective equipment.
5. To devices and devices to ensure work safety during measurements and tests in electrical installations.
WHAT IS THE GREATEST FORCE ON ONE HUMAN ARM?
YOU MAY HAVE TO WHEN WORKING WITH MEASURING EQUIPMENT
WITH A BAR? /4, clause 2.2.10/
1. No more than 100 N.
2. No more than 120 N.
3. No more than 140 N.
4. No more than 160 N.
Test No. 9
HOW IS GROUP I ASSIGNED?
ON ELECTRICAL SAFETY NON-ELECTRICAL
STAFF? /1, clause 1.4.4/
1. Assignment to group I is made through instruction, completed by a knowledge test in the form of an oral examination with the issuance of a certificate in the established form.
2. Assignment to group I is made through instruction, completed by a written knowledge test with the issuance of a certificate in the established form.
3. Assignment to group I is carried out by conducting instruction, completed by testing knowledge in the form of an oral survey and (if necessary) testing acquired skills in safe ways of working or providing first aid in case of electric shock.
AT WHAT IS THE MINIMUM VOLTAGE VALUE?
DC CURRENT SHOULD BE PROTECTED
IN INDIRECT TOUCH IN PREMISES
WITHOUT INCREASED DANGER? /3, clause 1.7.53/
WHAT SHOULD BE PAINTED ON THE AIR SUPPORTS
LINES (OVL) WITH VOLTAGE UP TO 1 kV, INSTALLED
AT A DISTANCE OF LESS THAN 4 M TO COMMUNICATION CABLES? /3, clause 2.4.7/
1. Serial number of the support.
2. Posters indicating the distances from the overhead line support to the cable communication line.
3. Width of the security zone and telephone number of the owner of the overhead line.
4. All of the above inscriptions.
5. The inscriptions listed above in paragraphs 1 and 3.
FOR WHAT TYPES OF WORK IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
ANNUAL SCHEDULES ARE COMPLETED
PERFORMANCE? /1, clause 1.6.3/
1. For all types of repairs of main equipment of electrical installations.
2. For work on technical re-equipment.
3. For work on the reconstruction of electrical installations.
4. For all of the above work.
5. For the work listed above in paragraphs 1 and 3.
HOW FREQUENCY SHOULD IT BE CARRIED OUT?
INSPECTION OF SWITCH DEVICES
WITHOUT DISCONNECTION AT OBJECTS WITH CONSTANT
STAFF ON DUTY? /1, clause 2.2.39/
1. At least once a day.
2. At least once a week.
3. At least once every 2 weeks.
4. At least once a month.
WHAT IS THE PERMISSIBLE TIME OF STAY OF AN EMPLOYEE
IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD AT A TENSION LEVEL
22 kV/m? /2, clause 24.4/
1. Throughout the working day (8 hours).
2. No more than 4 hours.
3. No more than 60 minutes.
4. No more than 30 minutes.
5. No more than 10 minutes.
FOR WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM DURATION (CALENDAR DAYS)
IT IS ALLOWED TO ISSUE A WORK ORDER
IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS? /2, clause 6.3/
1. No more than 10 calendar days from the date of commencement of work.
2. No more than 15 calendar days from the date of commencement of work.
3. No more than 20 calendar days from the date of commencement of work.
4. No more than 25 calendar days from the date of commencement of work.
In modern architecture and construction, plans are understood as images obtained as a result of dissecting a building by a conventional horizontal plane passing at a selected level.
Building plans are necessary so that everyone who studies them has an idea of what exact shape the structure has, how its rooms are located relative to each other. According to the current rules for drawing up these documents, they indicate door and window openings, the location of main walls and partitions, plumbing equipment, built-in cabinets, etc.
When compiling floor plans In some cases, public and residential buildings indicate how furniture and other equipment are located in the premises. As for the plans of industrial buildings, they often indicate the placement of such existing technological equipment, which directly affects the design solution of the structure itself. To draw all the contours of the equipment, the selected scale is used, and this procedure is carried out using thin lines. The explication indicates the name of the equipment, and this is done in such a way that the position numbers strictly correspond to those indicated directly on the plan.
Drawing dimensions on the plan of a residential building
According to standard requirements for drawing up building plans, they must be marked dimensions, giving an idea of the exact size of all the premises, as well as the dimensions of the structural elements of the structures. On construction drawings, all dimensions must be drawn in strict accordance with GOST 2.307 – 68, as well as taking into account the provisions and requirements contained in GOST R 21.1501 – 92. Solid thin lines are used to draw extension and dimension lines.
The location of all its structural elements on the building plan is determined by their location relative to the coordination axes.
When drawing up building plans, it is recommended to draw dimension lines in such a way that they are located outside the contours of the image itself.
In order to limit dimension lines in those places where they intersect with extension, center, center and contour lines, so-called “ notches” are used. They are short strokes that are drawn along the main line at an angle of 45° with an inclination to the right relative to the dimension line of the arrow. This image is used when indicating the sizes of angles, radii and diameters, as well as distances from the common base. In cases where there is not enough space on the dimension lines, which are arranged in a chain, to put serifs, they can be replaced with dots.
Drawing dimensions on the plan of an industrial building
On drawings and building plans, all dimensions are indicated in millimeters, and the abbreviation “mm” is not placed after their numerical values. In cases where other units of measurement are established to indicate dimensions (for example, meters or centimeters), their designations (respectively, “m” or “cm”) are indicated, or the corresponding information is given in the technical requirements.
External dimension lines on building plans (most often on the left and below) are drawn in quantities of one to four pieces, and the minimum distance between them should be 7 millimeters. The distance of the first of them to the outline of the plan must be at least 10 millimeters, and it is intended for marking the dimensions of door and window openings, as well as the partitions located between them. The second dimension line is used to indicate dimensions between adjacent axes, and the third – between extreme axes. Elements such as the piers closest to the coordination axes are linked by their sizes from the faces to the axes.
As for the internal dimensions of the premises, the thickness of the internal walls and partitions, their values are indicated on the internal dimension lines, which are drawn at a distance of 8 to 10 millimeters from the partition or wall. The areas of individual premises are indicated in square meters with two decimal places.
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Lawyers' answers (1)
Good afternoon!!!
In accordance with SNiP 30-02-97, this is the distance of buildings that can be located on your site.
6.7 The minimum distances to the border of a neighboring garden plot for sanitary conditions should be, m:
from the garden house – 3;
from construction for keeping small livestock and poultry – 4;
from other buildings – 1;
from the trunks of tall trees – 4, medium-sized ones – 2;
from a bush - 1.
6.8 The minimum distances between buildings for sanitary conditions should be, m:
from the garden house and cellar to the restroom - 12;
to shower, bath and sauna – 8;
from the well to the latrine and composting device – 8;
before construction for keeping small livestock and poultry, showers, baths, saunas - 12;
from a cellar to a composting facility and buildings for keeping small livestock and poultry – 7.
This is an excerpt from the Law on fire safety requirements for objects at what distance they should be located from each other. If you do not agree with something, you can call a fire inspector who can identify the violation, if any, and issue instructions to eliminate fire safety violations; And if it is not fulfilled, then bring the violators to administrative responsibility.
Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ
Technical regulations on fire safety requirements
Article 69. Fire distances between buildings, structures and structures
1. Fire distances between residential, public and
administrative buildings, buildings, structures and structures
industrial organizations depending on the degree of fire resistance and class
their structural fire hazard should be taken in accordance with
Table 11 of the appendix to this Federal Law.
2. Fire distances between buildings, structures and
buildings are defined as the distances between external walls or
other structures of buildings, structures and structures. In the presence of
structures of buildings, structures and structures protruding more than 1 meter
buildings made of flammable materials should be taken
distances between these structures.
3. Fire distances between the walls of buildings, structures and
buildings without window openings may be reduced by 20 percent with
provided that the roof is made of non-combustible materials, with the exception of buildings
IV and V degrees of fire resistance and buildings of structural fire classes
hazards C2 and C3.
4. It is allowed to reduce fire distances between buildings,
structures and buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance class
structural fire hazard C0 by 50 percent with equipment
more than 40 percent of the premises of each of the buildings, structures and structures
automatic fire extinguishing installations.
5. In areas with seismicity 9 points and above, fire protection
distances between residential buildings, as well as between residential and public
buildings of IV and V degrees of fire resistance should be increased by 20
percent.
6. Fire distances from buildings, structures and structures of any
degree of fire resistance up to buildings, structures and structures of IV and V degrees
fire resistance in a coastal strip 100 kilometers wide or up to
the nearest mountain range in climatic subregions IB, IG, IIA and IIB
should be increased by 25 percent.
7. Fire distances between residential buildings of IV and V degrees
fire resistance in climatic subregions IA, IB, IG, ID and IIA should
increase by 50 percent.
8. For two-story buildings, structures and frame and panel structures
structures of the V degree of fire resistance, as well as buildings, structures and
buildings with roofs made of flammable materials, fire safety distances
should be increased by 20 percent.
9. Fire distances between buildings, structures and
buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance can be reduced to 3.5
meters, provided that the wall of a higher building, structure and
building located opposite another building, structure or structure,
is fireproof type 1.
10. Fire distances from one-, two-apartment residential buildings and
outbuildings (sheds, garages, bathhouses) on the plot
plot of land to residential buildings and outbuildings in neighboring
household plots should be taken in accordance with
Table 11 of the appendix to this Federal Law. Allowed
reduce fire distances between the specified types to 6 meters
buildings, provided that the walls of buildings facing each other do not have
window openings, made of non-combustible materials or subjected to
fire protection, and the roof and eaves are made of non-combustible materials.
11. Minimum fire distances from residential, public and
administrative buildings (functional fire hazard classes F1,
F2, F3, F4) I and II degrees of fire resistance up to production and
warehouse buildings, structures and structures (functional fire class
danger F5) must be at least 9 meters (to buildings of class
functional fire hazard F5 and structural fire classes
hazard C2, C3 - 15 meters), III degree of fire resistance - 12 meters, IV
and V degrees of fire resistance - 15 meters. Distances from residential,
public and administrative buildings (functional fire classes
hazard F1, F2, F3, F4) IV and V degrees of fire resistance up to
industrial and warehouse buildings, structures and structures (class
functional fire hazard F5) should be 18 meters. For
of the specified buildings of III degree of fire resistance, the distances between them should
be at least 12 meters.
12. Placement of temporary buildings, stalls, kiosks, canopies and others
such buildings must be carried out in accordance with the requirements
established in Table 11 of the Appendix to this Federal Law.
13. Fire distances between blank end walls,
having a fire resistance limit of at least REI 150, buildings, structures and
buildings of I - III degrees of fire resistance, with the exception of children's buildings
preschool educational institutions, inpatient medical institutions
type (functional fire hazard classes F1.1, F4.1), and
multi-level parking garages with passive movement of cars
are not standardized.
14. Areas for storing containers must have fences and
be located at a distance of at least 15 meters from buildings, structures and
buildings.
15. Fire distances from urban development boundaries
settlements must be at least 50 meters from forests, and from the borders
development of urban and rural settlements with one-, two-story
individual development to forest areas - at least 15 meters.
