It is no coincidence that Japanese quince, or Japanese chaenomeles, is called the northern lemon. After all, the abundance of vitamin “C” and a complex of organic acids, as well as a characteristic smell, give the yellow fruits of this plant a sour taste and a similarity to lemon.
Wonderful fragrant fruits of Japanese quince with a diameter of about 4 cm. They are dense, covered with a protective waxy coating and therefore are perfectly stored, exuding a pleasant aroma for a long time.
Botanists included 4 species native to East Asia in the genus Chaenomeles (Chaenomele s Lindl.). These heat-loving plants are deciduous or semi-evergreen shrubs and small trees with apple- or pear-shaped fruits.
Breeders also bred several hybrid forms of Chaenomeles with elegant simple or double flowers (white, pink, orange, red-brown), with various shapes and sizes of fruits, with different periods of their ripening. Chaenomeles hybrids are very beautiful, but less winter-hardy than the original species.
The winter forcing of Japanese quince in tub culture is quite successful.
If you calculate the timing of forcing, then by the desired date in the middle of winter, your room will burst into flames with the bright colors of spring - a small miracle - blooming chaenomeles. Every gardener can try to create a similar holiday with the help of a Japanese quince bush planted in a pot.
Japanese quince in landscape design
The most common species in culture is japonica, or chaenomeles japonica(Chaenomele s japonica) is a very beautiful and useful deciduous shrub up to 3 m tall, but much lower in the northern regions. This long-lived plant bears fruit for an average of 70 years and is practically undamaged by pests and diseases.
Another decorative species is also very attractive and widely used in landscaping - Japanese quince low, or chaenomeles maulea(Chaenomele s maulei). It is an almost creeping deciduous shrub up to a meter high. Its arched branches are completely covered with bright red-orange flowers in late spring and early summer. Fragrant, medicinal lemon-yellow fruits ripen in September.
Chaenomeles has been grown in China and Japan for thousands of years due to the decorative properties of this plant. Green shiny leaves are oval or ovate; there are thorns on the shoots.
In spring, the Japanese quince bush is completely covered with pink or white-pink large flowers up to 5 cm in diameter. And in the fall, this plant delights gardeners for a long time with its abundant yellow fruits with a short petiole, sitting tightly on the branches.
Japanese quince is widely used in landscaping to create hedges, borders and rocky gardens. Chaenomeles bushes are appropriate both in groups and individually against the background of a lawn or in a rock garden.
Chaenomeles looks great in the garden on a high trunk. Gardeners obtain standard chaenomeles by grafting cuttings onto a wild pear.
Harvesting and use of Japanese quince fruits
However, not only the aesthetic merits of Japanese quince contributed to its wide distribution in gardens around the world. After all, the fruits of Chaenomeles are a real storehouse of vitamins and biologically active substances, so they are healing and can easily replace expensive lemons.
And the simplest recipe for preparing them for future use is very similar to candiing lemons. I grind the peeled Japanese quince fruits in a meat grinder and add sugar in equal proportions by weight - this way all the vitamins of the fresh fruit are completely preserved. I store this vitamin preparation in the refrigerator. When using, I add it (one or two teaspoons) to a glass of water. To get a refreshing and invigorating drink, you can use carbonated cold water, or you can use hot water - depending on the purpose and who you like.
More complex options for processing the sour fruits of Chaenomeles are also possible - both separately and in a mixture with the fruits of other crops (especially those that have an excessively sweet taste). There is room for the housewife's imagination to run wild: various syrups and preserves, jams, compotes, juices, sauces, jellies, marshmallows, candied fruits, marmalade, vinegar. Just don’t be lazy - prepare it, and in winter all this will come in handy!
Ripe chaenomeles fruits, which have a surprisingly persistent and delicate aroma, can serve as a natural air freshener. It’s not for nothing that gardeners have long placed them in a beautiful vase and placed them on the table in the house. The fruits of Japanese quince, which persist for a long time even in warm conditions, fill the home with a pleasant fruity aroma. And the beautiful shape and bright lemon color of Chaenomeles fruits in an elegant vase are a wonderful table decoration.
Wrinkled Japanese quince fruits can be finely chopped and dried, and in winter added to dried fruit compote.
Growing Japanese quince
The geography of growing Chaenomeles japonica is very large: from the latitude of St. Petersburg to the southernmost outskirts. After all, this is a fairly winter-hardy plant (the branches may freeze slightly, but the bush survives under the snow).
Japanese quince is light-loving and heat-resistant, unpretentious to the presence of soil moisture.
My Japanese quince bushes regularly produce a bountiful harvest - all the branches are literally covered with numerous fruits. To obtain such an excellent result, it is necessary to follow simple agricultural techniques for cultivating Chaenomeles.
For Japanese quince, choose a sunny place, if possible on a dry hill. There should not be less than a meter between Chaenomeles bushes to avoid thickening and shading of the plantings.
Planting of annual Japanese quince seedlings is carried out either in the spring (before buds open) or in the fall (1-1.5 months before the onset of persistent cold weather).
Plant Chaenomeles seedlings in pre-prepared holes (0.5 x 0.5 m in size), cover the roots with fertile soil with the addition of garden compost.
Water the planted plant thoroughly. After water has been absorbed into the soil, mulch the surface of the soil around the seedling to prevent sudden evaporation of moisture. And trim the seedling itself to a height of 15-20 cm for intensive growth and tillering.
Annual care for Japanese quince involves removing weak and dry branches broken by snow and old branches.
A properly formed chaenomeles bush should have 4-6 one-year branches, 3-4 two-, three- and four-year branches, and no more than 2-3 five-year branches. This will allow you to have abundant annual harvests from the bush for 15 years.
The productivity of Japanese quince is beneficially affected by the addition of compost or humus, fermented mullein or chicken droppings, as well as green fertilizer (extract from soaked weeds with the addition of wood ash).
Chaenomeles fruits are harvested in dry weather as they ripen in September-November.
Reproduction of Japanese quince
Chaenomeles propagates by seeds and cuttings.
If Japanese quince does not yet grow in your garden, then ask your country neighbors for cuttings. Or buy at least one fruit in the fall. It contains an abundance of seeds. In late autumn, sow freshly harvested seeds in a line in the garden (you can sow after snow has fallen) so that the densely coated Japanese quince seeds undergo natural stratification in winter. Then friendly shoots will appear in the spring.
And when sowing in spring, a three-month stratification of Chaenomeles seeds will be required.
Miroslav Stepanovich Gumenyuk (Vinnitsa, Ukraine)
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Beautiful flowering shrubs for your garden
An important role in shaping the landscape of a personal plot is played by a competent combination of plants: annuals, perennials, shrubs and trees with varied foliage and beautiful inflorescences. A properly selected assortment of plants will delight the eye from early spring to late autumn.
The topic of today's conversation will be beautiful flowering shrubs, with the help of which you can not only diversify the landscape, divide the territory into zones, but also bring joy and celebration to it.
When planning to plant shrubs on a site, you should take into account the height and width of an adult plant, so that it does not happen that low-growing specimens end up in the “shadow” of taller ones, and their beauty will be almost unnoticeable. Although, of course, you can shape the crown of plants using garden shears.
Flowering shrubs for the garden - spring
As soon as the snow melts and the first rays of spring begin to warm the earth, it’s time to bloom forsythia (forsythia) , which, like a light, opens its yellow flowers even before leaves appear on its branches. Forsythia was named after the Scottish botanist William Forsyth. Plant height is from 1 m to 3 m.
Forsythia belongs to the olive family. As soon as flowering reaches its final stage, foliage and young shoots appear. The plant is very popular in Europe; some types of forsythia are frost-resistant, therefore suitable for growing in central Russia.
Forsythia will take the baton of flowering magnolia star - a low deciduous shrub, native to Japan, reaching a height of 2.5 m, with white flowers emitting a pleasant delicate aroma, which appear in the same way as forsythia before foliage. The shrub feels great in the European part of Russia.
More frost resistant Magnolia Siebold and Kobus – blooms in early June.
In southern regions with warmer climates and mild winters, a greater variety of magnolias are found in the form of ornamental shrubs or trees, with flowers ranging from white to deep pink. Most popular in gardening construction magnolia lilyflower - an unusually beautiful tree during the flowering period.
Mid-May – flowering time spirea Grefshein - a small shrub up to 1.5 m high, with snow-white flowers collected in numerous inflorescences located along the entire stem. With hanging stems, the crown looks very openwork. The shrub is light-loving, drought-resistant, and not picky about soil.
Chaenomeles "Japanese quince" - a very beautiful, unpretentious shrub of the Rosaceae family, eye-catching. Flowering period - late April, early May. Color range – white, pink, orange, red.
You can plant a low-growing specimen in an open space, or in a rock garden among stones. In the third year, the bush begins to bear fruit; the fruits are yellow, similar to small apples, edible and very useful. Branches not covered with snow sometimes freeze and need to be pruned.
Shrubs that bloom all summer
Chubushnik - better known as "jasmine" , belongs to the hydrangea family, a winter-hardy shrub common in central Russia. Common mock orange with white-cream fragrant flowers reaches 3 m in height. Tolerates frosts down to -25 °C. Flowering period: beginning, mid-June. The shrub is used for group and single plantings, as well as as a hedge.
An extremely common plant in Russia - lilac , with beautiful inflorescences and a delicate aroma, flowering time is June, belongs to the olive family. For abundant annual flowering, the bush must be formed; this requires regular pruning. The color palette of lilac flowers is very diverse (white, pink, bluish, pale purple, deep purple). A luxurious, hardy shrub that thrives equally well in both southern and northern regions.
Shrub roses or rose hips of the Rosaceae family will certainly become a decoration of the garden, especially species that do not require shelter for the winter and tolerate frost well. The shrub, 1-2 meters high, blooms in June-July, although not for very long, but their red or orange fruits, ripening in August-September, look impressive against the background of green foliage and will delight the eye until late autumn.
Park roses require more careful care, love sunlight. A bush planted in the shade of trees will not produce abundant flowering. Many varieties are quite winter-hardy, some require shelter for the winter. They bloom in the first half of June and bloom for a long period - a month or more.
Extraordinarily beautiful bushes hydrangeas . Tree and paniculate hydrangeas are considered the most unpretentious and winter-hardy species - shrubs with a height of 1 to 3 m. Large lush inflorescences, abundantly located throughout the bush, look very elegant. It is not for nothing that hydrangea is most loved by gardeners. It blooms for quite a long time - from June to September, loves moisture, acidic soil and partial shade.
Beautiful shrubs in the autumn garden
Cinquefoil shrub will delight you with long flowering - from June to October. A low bush 1.5-2 m tall is a medicinal plant; it is widely used in folk medicine. Most species bloom with yellow flowers, but there are also varieties with white or pink flowers. The shrub looks great in rock gardens or group plantings, is undemanding to soil, and winter-hardy.
Snowberry Blooms all summer through September with white, pink or red flowers. But its decorativeness is not limited to this. In autumn, abundant white fruits appear in the form of berries, which decorate the bush throughout the fall and winter. The uniqueness of this bush is that in the fall you can contemplate flowers on it at the same time as berries. The height of the plant is 1-2 m, it can be used in row plantings when creating a hedge or in group plantings.
Mackerel leather - a shrub that is unusually beautiful not only in summer, during flowering, but also in autumn, thanks to its foliage. In summer, the bush is covered with small flowers, collected in fluffy panicles, looking like smoke from a distance. In autumn, the foliage turns crimson, first the edges and veins of the leaves turn red, and then the entire foliage, bluish and purple hues appear. Mackerel is very impressive in the fall, good in single and group plantings, but not winter-hardy enough, so it is suitable for gardens in the more southern regions of the country.
Common barberry no less spectacular bush for the autumn garden. Blooms in June with yellow flowers collected in clusters. The height of the plant is 1.5-3 m. In autumn, in September-October, oblong red fruits with a sour taste appear on the bush. Almost all elements of barberry are used for medicinal purposes: fruits, leaves, and even roots and bark.
Extraordinarily beautiful common heather - an evergreen shrub with small triangular leaves and pink-purple flowers collected in racemes that end each branch. The height of the bush is from 25 cm to 1 m, a very hardy plant that grows both in the European part of Russia and in Western and Eastern Siberia.
Heather blooms in July-August, but after flowering stops, the flowers dry out, remaining on the branches of the plant. It seems that the bush blooms until late autumn. Loves acidic soil, moisture with good soil permeability. It does not require fertilizing, since in nature it grows on poor, rocky soils. Looks great in the garden surrounded by stones, in a rock garden in combination with other plants.
The list of beautiful flowering shrubs can be continued endlessly. But you need to select plants taking into account their adaptation in your region, and then your garden will always be filled with a variety of colors and shades, creating a festive atmosphere, delighting you and your guests.
Shrubs with edible fruits. What shrubs should be planted on the site?
What shrubs with edible fruits can be used in the landscape design of a garden?
This largely depends on the size of your plot. There are tall forms
compact or globular edible shrubs, such as gooseberries or currants
barberry (proper barberry and mahonia) -
In landscape design, it is better to use those shrubs that retain their decorative properties from spring to autumn. Or at least they don’t take on an unsightly appearance.
And common edible shrubs can be noted:
Large pink shiny, transparent berries are perhaps the most decorative. There are also red currants with cherry matte berries. True, I have only encountered sour varieties.
But among the pink, white and red ones there are very sweet ones.
black currant. There is no point in growing it on a trunk, since its branches quickly age. But if you wish, you can still make a standard. It looks quite decent as a bush throughout the entire period.
There are also golden currants. It blooms in May with yellow flowers. Very fragrant. But it produces few berries and their taste is not very attractive. Therefore, it is more of an ornamental shrub, like Holly mahonia. They give berries, but they don’t make much sense.
gooseberry. This shrub is interesting in any garden. There are varieties with green, red, pink berries. There are very thorny varieties, and there are also almost thornless ones.
Gooseberries, like currants (red), can be grown in standard form.
garden honeysuckle is one of the earliest berries. Ripens in the middle zone already from June 10th. But in the fall she looks somehow withered. The leaves turn brown at the edges, so it can and should be considered tasty and healthy, and it is decorative in spring and the first half of summer.
cherry. It could be a bush, it could be a tree. If there are no diseases in your area that affect cherries, then it is decorative until the snow: flowering, fruits, and autumn foliage. And if there are diseases, it will shed its leaves and stand as a dry skeleton.
quince blooms beautifully. The taste of the fruit is not for everyone. And the root is such that after it you can build a bunker.
The barberries are very beautiful. Their leaves can be golden, orange, or purple throughout the season. Barberries produce red fruits. But it was not possible to understand whether all ornamental barberries are edible. Therefore, this shrub is still conditionally edible.
I would not classify raspberries as edible and decorative. Common garden plant.
There is also such a shrub - raspberry or fragrant raspberry. Blooms beautifully throughout the season. But there are few berries. Decorative with flowering.
Actinidia and grapes are suitable as vines.
Currants on a trunk:
Gooseberries on a trunk:
Below is a photo of chokeberry in autumn. In our garden it doesn’t happen like this every autumn. Sometimes just yellow:
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Alphabetical catalog of fruits
A small tree or large shrub with a wide-rounded crown. Its reddish-brown or brown-olive, shiny, bare shoots, often in places (but not entirely) covered with a grayish film, buds 2-3 side by side, are very elegant. Very decorative during flowering, decorated with numerous large white or pale pink flowers, with dark red reflexed sepals. The apricot is no less beautiful at the time of fruiting, decorated with velvety-pubescent, often blushing, sweet, rounded fruits with a longitudinal groove up to 3 cm in diameter. The tree loves light and tolerates drought well, lives up to 50 years or more.
Avocado (English) alligatorpear- alligator pear) is a tall evergreen tree with large fruits of the same name. The fruits of the plant have the shape of a pear, oval or ball and reach sizes of 5-20 cm. The weight of a ripe fruit can reach 2 kg. The top of the avocado is covered with a hard, dark green or black skin, and the inner flesh can be green with a yellowish tint. There are more than 400 different varieties of avocados. The taste of avocado is reminiscent of butter with herbs and a hint of nuts. For its nutritional value, the fruit was included in the Guinness Book of Records in 1998.
Strongly thorny branched multi-stemmed trees, sometimes shrubs, with thin brownish-green shoots, 3-10 meters high. Cherry plum flowers are white or pink, solitary. Blooms in early May. The fruits of the cherry plum ripen in August-September. An excellent honey plant and rootstock for plums.
A terrestrial herbaceous plant, pineapple, is often called a fruit. It has a spiny stem and leaves. Flowering lasts 15-20 days, and as a result, an infructescence is formed, which is the fused base of the ovaries, the covering leaves of the flowers and the axis of the inflorescence. The fruit is powerful, cone-shaped, golden-yellow. A group of vegetative leaves “tuft” always develops at the top of the pineapple.
Annona (guanabana)
The tree in natural conditions reaches 6m in height, in a room it is much lower. Unlike some other annonas, this is an evergreen tree. The leaves are oval or oblong, glossy, leathery, dark green, up to 15 cm long. They have a slightly spicy odor, especially noticeable when rubbed. The flowers are fragrant, large (up to 4.5 cm in diameter), consist of three yellow-green fleshy outer petals and three pale yellow inner ones, and can appear in different places - on the trunk, branches and small twigs. Flowers never fully open. Guanabana fruits are oval or heart-shaped, often irregular in shape, up to 30 cm in length, 15 cm in diameter and weighing up to 3 kg, dark green in color, becoming yellow-green when ripe.
An evergreen fruit tree of the citrus genus of the rue family. Not found in the wild. On vigorous rootstocks it reaches a height of 12 m, on dwarf rootstocks 4-6 m. The leaves are leathery, oval, with a pointed tip. The flowers are bisexual, white, fragrant, solitary or in inflorescences. The orange fruit is a multi-locular berry; depending on the variety, they vary greatly in size, shape and color of the peel (from light yellow to reddish-orange). Orange has juicy, sweet or sweet and sour pulp.
Banana (lat. Musa) is the fruit of a herbaceous plant of the same name that grows in a tropical climate. There are more than 40 types of bananas, but an artificially bred variety is grown for export and mass consumption. Musa paradisiaca. In some countries, the cultivation of this fruit is the main source of government revenue for the economy.
Bergamot is a hybrid species of artificially bred plant of the Citrus genus. The plant was obtained by crossing orange and citron. Bergamot peel contains valuable essential oils used in the cosmetics and perfume industries, as well as in medicine.
It is a shrub or branched tree of the pomegranate family, up to 6 m high. The flowers are bell-shaped, double and single, orange-red in color, reaching 4 cm in diameter. Pomegranate fruits are large, spherical, divided inside by 9-12 membranes, forming nests. Each nest contains two rows of grains, in which the seeds are wrapped in a juicy edible pulp - pulp. The pomegranate pulp is sweet and sour, dark ruby in color, sometimes lighter. The diameter of the fruit can vary from 8 to 18 cm, and the color of the peel can range from yellow-orange to dark red. Inside the pomegranate fruit there are large quantities of small seeds surrounded by bright red juicy pulp.
Grapefruit (English) grape And fruit- grapes and fruit) is a citrus yellow-orange fruit that grows in subtropical climatic latitudes. Grapefruit grows on an evergreen tree of the same name, reaching a height of 13-15 m. The ripe fruit is no more than 15 cm in diameter. In terms of external characteristics, grapefruit is most similar to an orange, but its pulp is more sour, and the internal white veins are bitter. Many scientists believe that grapefruit appeared in India as a result of natural hybridization of pomelo and orange.
One of the oldest fruit trees cultivated by mankind. The pear fruit is medium-sized, shaped like a light bulb, although there are varieties with a rounded shape. The pulp of a ripe pear is tender and juicy, with a characteristic aroma (the stronger the aroma emitted by the fruit, the more vitamins and other useful substances it contains) and a sweet taste. In addition to eating fresh, pears have dozens of cooking methods: they are dried, baked, canned, juices and compotes are made from them, jam is made, jams and marmalade are made.
A small evergreen tree up to 3-4 m high, it belongs to the myrtle family and tolerates drought well. Blooms once or twice a year. It produces one main harvest - up to 100 kg per tree and 2-4 additional, much smaller harvests. Guava ripens ninety to one hundred and fifty days after flowering. The shape and size of the fruit are extremely variable. Guava looks like a lumpy green or yellow apple. Guava fruits are round and pear-shaped, with bright yellow, reddish or green thin skin. The weight of fruits of cultivated varieties is from 70 to 160 g, fruit length is from 4 to 6.5 cm, diameter is 4.8-7.2 cm. Due to the content of hexahydroxydiphenic acid ester and arabinose, unripe fruits have a very sour taste, which disappears in ripe fruits.
A plant of the mulberry family, a close relative of the breadfruit tree. Jackfruit is the national fruit of Bangladesh. Jackfruit fruits are the largest edible fruits growing on trees: 20-90 cm long and up to 20 cm in diameter, they weigh up to 34 kg. Their thick skin is covered with numerous cone-shaped projections. Young fruits are green, when ripe they become green-yellow or brown-yellow and when tapped they make a hollow sound (unripe fruits are hollow). Inside, the fruit is divided into large lobes containing yellow, aromatic, sweet pulp consisting of juicy soft fibers. Each lobe contains one rather large oblong white seed, 2-3 cm long. The cut jackfruit fruit has a pleasant specific smell, slightly reminiscent of banana and pineapple.
Dragon Fruit (Pitahaya)
An extraordinary fruit. It is currently grown in southern Mexico, some countries in Central and South America, Vietnam, and also in Israel (in the Negev Desert). Depending on the species, the size of pitahaya fruits, the color of the pulp (white, pink, purple), the color of the skin (from yellow to orange, from red to purple) and the texture of the surface of the fruit (with small outgrowths, with thin colored scales) vary. The pulp of the dragon fruit is always filled with small black seeds, which are usually peeled out.
Durian has such a disgusting smell that you are unlikely to be allowed into a public place with it. However, if you overcome your disgust or simply close your nose and taste the juicy pulp, you will immediately understand where the concept of the king of fruits came from.
An evergreen, slow-growing tree 5 m high with drooping branches and a dense, highly branched, rounded crown or shrub. The leaves are soft, dark green, smooth on top and covered with whitish pubescence below. The leaves are sensitive to light and cluster together at night. The flowers are small pink or purple-red. Carambola fruits are fleshy, crispy and juicy, slightly spicy, with massive ribbed growths, ranging in size from a chicken egg to a large orange. Ripe carambola fruits are amber yellow or golden yellow in color. They are unusual in shape - they look like a ribbed airship.
The herbaceous vine Actinidia sinensis and its fruits are berries with green flesh and brown skin covered with small hairs. The history of the kiwi is quite unusual. The homeland of the vine called mihutao, which became the ancestor of kiwi, is China.
Clementines
Clementine or Citrus clementina is a variety of tangero. This is a hybrid of orange and tangerine. It was created back in 1902 by Father Klemen, who was not only a priest, but also a wonderful breeder. The shape of the fruit is the same as that of a tangerine, but they are much sweeter.
whale. golden orange
A yellow-orange tropical fruit of the citrus family of evergreens. This fruit also has other names - kincan and fortunella. Externally, the kumquat looks like a very small oval orange. It reaches a maximum of 5 cm in length and 4 cm in width. The fruit is consumed completely with the peel. The taste of the fruit is very close to the sour tangerine, but the peel has a sweet-tart taste. The kumquat is native to the southern part of China.
Lime is a fruit of a plant of the citrus family native to India, genetically similar to lemon.
Lime is a small tree or bush with a height of 1.5 to 5.0 m. The crown is dense, the branches are covered with short spines. Inflorescences are axillary, with 1-7 flowers, remontant flowering. Lime fruits are small - 3.5-6 cm in diameter, ovoid, lime pulp is greenish, juicy, very sour. The peel is green, yellowish-green or yellow, and very thin when fully ripe.
A small evergreen fruit tree up to 8 m high, with a spreading or pyramidal crown.
The leaves are leathery, green, 10-15 cm long, 5-8 cm wide. The flowers are axillary, single or paired. The lemon fruit is 6-9 cm long, 4-6 cm in diameter, ovoid or oval in shape, with a nipple at the top, light yellow, with a difficult to separate tuberous or pitted rind containing many glands with essential oil. The inside of a lemon with several nests. The seeds are ovoid, yellow-green or white, greenish in cross section.
lat. Litchi chinensis– Chinese plum
A small sweet and sour fruit covered with a crusty skin. The fruit grows on evergreen tropical trees, the height of which reaches 10-30 meters. The homeland is China. The fruit has an oval or round shape with a diameter of 2.5-4 cm. The ripe fruit has a dense red skin with a large number of sharp tubercles. Only the pulp of the fruit is used for food, which has a jelly-like structure, and in color and taste resembles peeled white grapes. Inside the pulp there is an oval brown seed. The main lychee harvest occurs in May-June.
Longan (Lam Yai)
The fruit of an evergreen longan tree, common in China, Taiwan, Vietnam and Indonesia.
The juicy pulp of longan has a sweet, very aromatic, nephelium-like taste with a peculiar tint. The color of the tough, inedible outer shell of the fruit varies from mottled yellowish to reddish. Like the Chinese lychee, the longan fruit contains a hard, dark red or black seed.
The evergreen mango tree has a height of 10 - 45 m, the crown of the tree reaches a radius of 10 m.
New leaves grow yellowish-pink in color, but quickly turn dark green. The flowers are white to pink and, once opened, have a scent similar to that of lilies. Ripe mango fruit hangs on long stems and weighs up to 2 kg. Mango peel is thin, smooth, green, yellow or red depending on the degree of ripeness (a combination of all three colors is often found). Mango pulp can be soft or fibrous, and depending on the ripeness of the fruit, it surrounds a large, hard, flat seed.
Tall evergreen tree up to 25 m high with a pyramidal crown and black-brown bark. The leaves are oval-oblong, dark green above and yellow-green below, 9 - 25 cm long and 4.5 - 10 cm wide. Young leaves are pink. Flowers with fleshy green petals with red spots. The mangosteen fruit is round, with a diameter of 3.4 - 7.5 cm, covered on top with a thick (up to 1 cm) burgundy-purple inedible peel containing adhesive coloring latex, under which there are 4-8 segments of white edible pulp with seeds tightly adjacent to it . Mangosteen bears fruit late - the first fruits on trees are 9-20 years old.
A tree not exceeding 4 meters in height, or a shrub. The leaves are small, ovate or elliptical in shape. Flowers solitary or two in the leaf axils. Mandarin fruits are 4-6 cm in diameter and slightly flattened from the base to the top, so that their width is noticeably greater than their height. The peel is thin, does not grow tightly to the pulp, there are 10-12 segments, well separated, the pulp is yellow-orange; The strong aroma of tangerine differs from other citrus fruits, and the pulp is usually sweeter than orange.
An ancient tropical crop of the genus Passiflora, producing oval fruits of yellow or dark purple color (when ripe) growing on vines. Passion fruit is grown for its juice, which is often added to other fruit juices for flavor. Passion fruit is a yellow-orange or dark purple oval-shaped fruit measuring about 6-12 cm. Fruits with smooth, shiny skin are preferred, but are sweeter with rough, cracked skin.
tour. musmula
This is a whole genus of plants, including almost 30 species. However, there are two main cultivated types of loquat: German and Japanese. The German medlar has been known to mankind for more than 1000 BC. In the territories of Ancient Babylon and Mesopotamia, it was freely traded, and it was transported on ships to the west to Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It was from here that medlar came to European lands. Today, German medlar grows in the Balkans, Asia Minor, the Crimean Mountains, Transcaucasia, Armenia, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Greece and northern Iran. The tree is quite finicky and grows well only in dry, sunny places and slightly acidic soil.
A fruit that is a smooth-skinned peach. Despite popular myth, nectarines are obtained through selection or simple mutation of peaches and are not a hybrid of peach and plum.
This classic example of a bud mutation occurred when peach trees self-pollinated. Peach trees sometimes produce nectarines, and nectarine trees sometimes produce peaches. Nectarines were first mentioned in 1616 in England.
A low, slender tree with a thin, branchless trunk 5-10 meters high, topped with an umbrella of palmately dissected leaves on long petioles. Papaya leaves are large, 50-70 centimeters in diameter. The flowers develop in the axils of the petioles, turning into large fruits, 10-30 cm in diameter and 15-45 cm in length. Ripe papaya fruits are soft and range in color from amber to yellow.
Tree of the Rosaceae family, has a subgenus almond. It differs from almonds only in its fruits. The leaves are lanceolate with a serrated edge and almost sessile, appearing before the leaves develop, pink flowers. The fruit is a peach, spherical, with a groove on one side, usually velvety. The peach pit is wrinkled, furrowed and pitted.
English pomelo
Citrus fruits of the evergreen tree of the same name. The peel of the fruit is quite thick, and the segments are large, separated by hard white partitions that taste bitter. The color of ripe broom can vary from light green to yellow-pink. Usually only one side acquires a pink color, which was turned towards the sun during ripening. The fruit is a record holder among citrus fruits. Its diameter can be 30 cm, and its weight can reach 10 kg. The taste of pomelo is very close to grapefruit, but the pulp is not as juicy and when peeling, the internal membranes are more easily separated from the edible part.
It is also called Chinotto or Bigaradia - it is a woody evergreen plant belonging to the Rutaceae family, a species of the Citrus genus. It is considered a hybrid of pomelo and tangerine. Fresh bitter orange is considered inedible, and is valued mainly for its zest. The peel is quite easy to separate from the fruit; you just need to cut it into 4 parts. Orange zest is used to make desserts. It is also often added to ice cream. For this dessert you need to take orange zest and juice, cream and sugar. All this needs to be whipped with a mixer and sent for freezing.
Tropical fruit tree of the Sapindaceae family. Rambutan fruits are small, the size of a hazelnut, grow in clusters of up to 30 pieces and are rounded “balls” with an elastic peel of yellow or red color, covered with fleshy hairs 4-5 cm long. Rambutan pulp covering the seed (edible, but to taste resembling an acorn), is a transparent white gelatinous mass with a pleasant sweet taste.
Salak (snake fruit)
A fast-growing low tropical palm with many trunks with pinnate leaves, the petioles and axes of which are covered with thorns. Clusters of red-brown fruits grow just above the ground at the base of the trunk. Scaly, rough, prickly and snake-skin-like fruits of herring (hence the name - snake fruit), similar to small onions. The pulp is beige-yellow, sweet, aromatic and has a specific taste.
An evergreen tree 15-20 m high with ovate or elliptical leathery leaves. The flowers are small and white. Sapodilla fruits are round or oval, 5-10 cm in diameter, with 10-12 black hard seeds and juicy yellow-brown sweet pulp.
Reminiscent of a large, grapefruit-sized, green tangerine with a citrus scent. Sweetie is a hybrid of pomelo and white grapefruit. It appeared in 1984 thanks to the efforts of Israeli scientists to make grapefruit sweeter.
Tree up to 5 m high, belongs to the Plum or Almond subfamily. The leaves are simple, lanceolate, serrated along the edges. Plum flowers are usually white or pink, with five petals and five sepals, solitary or in umbels of two to six inflorescences. The plum fruit is a drupe with a relatively large stone.
A citrus sweet fruit that was developed by artificially hybridizing tangerine and grapefruit. The ripe fruit has a bright orange color. The tangelo can be the size of a ripe orange or grapefruit. Typically, the Tangelo's butt is slightly elongated in relation to its overall round shape. Inside the fruit there is juicy, sweet and sour yellow or orange pulp with a small number of seeds. The peel is quite thin and can be easily removed when cleaning.
lat. chaenomeles
is a genus of flowering plants from the Rosaceae family. It is commonly called Japanese quince. It grows wild in Japan and China. In appearance, Chaenomeles looks like small deciduous shrubs, the height of which is from 1 m to 6 m. Chaenomeles ranks among the valuable and useful fruit and berry crops for its high amount of biologically active substances, unpretentiousness to climatic and soil conditions, annual fruiting, early fruiting and decorativeness.
lat. diaspyros – heart apple
Fleshy sweet orange berry. Persimmon is widespread in tropical and temperate climate zones. The northern part of China is considered the birthplace of persimmon, but currently persimmon is grown in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Greece, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Crimea, Australia, America and other countries. There are more than 500 species of persimmons worldwide.
Citron is a rare fruit that belongs to the citrus family. At the moment it grows only in some rather limited areas. Theophrastus, Virgil, and Martial spoke about this fruit, and it is also mentioned in the Bible.
The history of the origin of this citrus tree is shrouded in many legends. Botanists still don’t know for sure how this plant got to the European mainland in general and to Italy in particular.
Tree 5-9 m high with two-row leaves up to 7-15 cm long and 4-9 wide. The flowers are located along the branches on short stalks and consist of three fleshy outer petals and three much smaller inner ones. Cherimoya begins to bear fruit at the age of 4-5 years. And after 6 years of age, the tree will delight you with 2 dozen or even more fragrant and tasty fruits.
Chompu (rose apple)
Rose apple or Malabar plum. The fruit is pear-shaped, seedless, with pink skin and white firm flesh, similar in texture and taste to an apple or slightly sweetened water. When chilled, its pulp is an excellent thirst quencher. Chompu also comes in white, green and red colors, usually the lighter the sweeter. Season: April to June. Chompu is considered one of the favorite fruits of children. There is no need to peel it, there are no seeds in it.
The fruit of the apple tree, which is eaten fresh, serves as a raw material in cooking and for making drinks. Apple tree is a genus of deciduous trees and shrubs of the Rosaceae family with spherical sweet or sweet and sour fruits. This is the most common fruit crop in our gardens. The magnificent flowering of these gardens in the spring and the abundance and taste of fruits in the fall make the apple tree the most favorite tree, and apples the most beloved and healthy fruit!
Photos and names of popular fruit bushes
Fruit bushes in the garden will bring many benefits to its owners. Firstly, they will give you a lot of different tasty and healthy berries. Secondly, they will perfectly decorate your garden plot. Also, fruit bushes are unpretentious in care; growing them does not entail a lot of problems.
These fruiting bushes or trees are best planted in the garden in the fall, about a month after the leaves have fallen. Before doing this, you need to make drainage in the hole. If the shrub is heat-loving, then a hole for it is prepared in the fall, and seedlings are planted in the spring.
All fruit bushes need to trim:
- black currants - in July;
- gooseberries - in July and October, when the leaves fall;
- blackberries and raspberries - in October, when the last berries are collected;
- honeysuckle - in November and mid-March.
Let's look at some types of fruit bushes (some of them are also presented in the form of a tree), in particular, their names, in a little more detail
Currant bushes may have:
All of them are frost-resistant and tolerate heat and drought well. Life expectancy is up to 15 years.
Black currants are characterized by black flower buds that form on annual shoots and grow into ringlets after harvest. Every 5 years it is recommended to prune old branches. It is best to plant the bush in a well-protected, draft-free, sunny area. Life expectancy and fruitfulness of this bush is about 10 years.
White and red currants are more resistant to frost and drought. These shrubs live and bear fruit for up to 18 years. They take root well in open, elevated areas without drafts.
This type of shrub is also called “northern grapes”. It contains a very large amount of microelements and vitamins.
Gooseberries do not need special care. There is only one disadvantage of this bush: it is very sensitive to cold and does not tolerate high humidity. As a result, in winter, shrubs in the garden need sprinkle with snow or wrap up, and in the summer - do not fill it with water. The duration of fruitfulness and life is approximately 25 years.
This type of shrub is very frost-resistant, grows well in sunny areas that are protected from drafts, and is demanding of moisture and soil. Berries appear in the second year.
Raspberry bushes are self-pollinating, and therefore it is not recommended to plant different varieties next to each other. You also need to take into account that the bushes grow quickly. As a result, after a few years you will have a gorgeous raspberry garden.
Other popular shrubs
Blackberry. This bush is very similar to raspberries in terms of growth properties. However, it is not very frost-resistant. As a result, it often freezes out, but quickly recovers.
Edible honeysuckle. This shrub is not afraid of even severe frost and is well suited for forming a living corner on your territory. The name of this bush is literally translated as “youth” and “life”.
Honeysuckle grows up to 2.5 meters (so you can safely form a tree from the bush). It grows very slowly and therefore it is pruned for the first time 5-7 years after planting. The life expectancy of the bush is very long - about 100 years. This plant has many beneficial properties: diuretic and choleretic effects, anti-inflammatory properties, activates the body's protective functions, especially during intoxication. With this fruit bush, an area that is in the shade will turn into a chic berry conveyor belt; you just need to have time to harvest the crop on time.
Barberry. You will need to tinker a little with this bush (maybe a fruit tree). But the result will please you. You will receive fragrant, delicious berries and a beautiful hedge on the site.
Kalina. A very beautiful shrub or tree at any time of the year: both summer and winter. In summer, the bush has magnificent umbrella or spherical inflorescences with snow-white and pale pink flowers. In autumn, the carved foliage in the garden pleases the eye, playing with various shades of berries: from rich crimson red to juicy orange. Viburnum berries can hang on the tree until the snow falls, at which time they are very popular with birds. Viburnum is characterized by a large number of beneficial properties; it is widely used in folk medicine.
Irga. This is a very beautiful bush or tree with gorgeous flowers and delicious berries. He is not picky about care.
Irga is a tall woody shrub or tree, the height of which is up to 3 meters. This shrub is self-fertile, high-yielding, and the fruits appear quite early. At the age of 4 years it produces approximately 4 kg of berries, and at 10 years – 15 kg of harvest from a bush or tree. Berries need to be picked from mid-July to early August. They have an anti-inflammatory effect during the treatment of the gastrointestinal system and gums.
You can plant and grow on your plot, dacha, or garden. exotic southern fruit bushes. But it is impossible to get a harvest in the middle zone.
2. Orlando. The result of pollination of the Duncan grapefruit with pollen from the same Dancy tangerine.
3. Tangelo Nova is a hybrid of clementine and tangelo Orlando.
4. Thornton - a hybrid of tangerine and grapefruit.
5. Uglifruit - this drop-dead beauty happened by accident. In 1917, one J. J. R. Sharp, owner of Trout Hall Ltd. (now, as far as I understand, Cabel Hall Citrus Ltd.), Jamaica, found this gnarly crap in a pasture. Recognizing it as a likely hybrid of tangerine and grapefruit, he took a cutting from it, grafted it onto a sour orange and continued to regraft the offspring, choosing fruits with the fewest seeds. In 1934, for the first time, he gave the country so much uglifruit that he was even able to begin exporting it to England and Canada.
6. Tangelo Wekiwa, Canadian, light-skinned, the result of a repeated cross between a tangelo and a grapefruit.
7. Tangor is the result of crossing tangerine and sweet orange. Or rather, that is what is commonly believed. In fact, everything is a little more complicated. The most famous tangor is Temple (Temple, Temple, Temple). Its origin is not entirely clear.
8. Clementine. And this is a hybrid of a mandarin and a king orange, created by the French missionary and breeder Father Clement Rodier in Algeria in 1902. Actually, if you buy a tangerine, and it is somehow too sweet for a tangerine, it is quite possible that it is actually a clementine.
9. Natural tangor of the East - tankan. This culture has been cultivated since time immemorial in southern China, on the island of Formosa (Taiwan) and in the Japanese prefecture of Kagoshima. The tree on which the tankan grows is indistinguishable from a tangerine, but the fruits make one suspect that this citrus is a hybrid with an orange.
10. Ortanique – also probably a natural tangor. It was also found in Jamaica, but already in 1920. Since tangerine and orange trees grew nearby, they decided that it was a hybrid of them. The name was collected from the world along a thread - or (ange) + tan (gerine) + (un) ique.
11. Royal mandarin (Citrus nobilis, kunenbo, Kampuchean mandarin). His appearance is quite memorable, it rarely happens in our stores and is sold simply like a tangerine
12. Markot is also a famous tangor. And also of unknown origin. Florida tangors are called marcottes, the parent varieties/species of which are not known for certain. The first tree was found in 1922 and built in good hands. 
13. Satsumas (inshiu, Citrus unshiu) Moroccan. All satsumas according to one version are a hybrid of citron and lime; the second is a hybrid of orange and lime.
14. Yemeni citron is an independent species.
15. Citron “Fingers (hand) of Buddha” looks like Cthulhu;)
16. Corsican citron. Please note - all these varieties have almost no pulp - only zest. 
17. Kaffir lime (kaffir lime, kaffir lime, Citrus hystrix, Kaffir lime, porcupine citrus)
18. Etrog (efrog, Greek citron, tsedrat-citron, Jewish citron)
19. Persian (Tahitian) lime
20. Limetta (limetta, Citrus limetta, Italian lime, sweet lime)
21. Mexican lime (West Indian lime, sour lime). It is the Mexican lime that is usually painted on bottles and cans of all sorts of lime drinks.
22. Indian lime (aka Palestine, Palestinian sweet lime, Colombian lime) has long been considered a hybrid of lime and lime, but attempts to cross these plants did not result in anything similar. 
23. Australian finger lime. It is also called citrus caviar.
24. Same. There are many varieties of them, with pulp of different colors. The origin is also unclear. The fruits look like multi-colored cucumbers. Australian chefs use the pulp of finger limes as a side dish, add it to salads and soups, and decorate fish and meat dishes with it.
25. Limandarins (limonias) - the results of crossing tangerines with limes or lemons. Limandarins have been bred in China since time immemorial. It is believed that the first Limandarin was the result of crossing a Cantonese lemon and a Cantonese mandarin. The Chinese red lemons that appear on our shelves are typical lemons.
26. Rangpur - Indian hybrid of tangerine and lime 
27. Otaheite (sweet rangpur, Otaheite rangpur, Tahitian orange). This is also limandarine, also believed to be native to India. Discovered in 1813 in Tahiti, from where Europeans took it around the world.
28. Rough lemon or citronella. Originating from Northern India, it is a hybrid of mandarin and citron.
29. Pomelo. It is also Citrus maxima, Citrus grandis, pummela and sheddock - in honor of Captain Shaddock, who brought pomelo seeds to the West Indies (Barbados) from the Malay Archipelago in the 17th century. Huge round or pear-shaped fruits with a fairly thick zest, a lot of juicy pulp, and rough, easily separated membranes. One of the original citrus fruits, from which all their diversity comes. The pomelo peel is yellow, green, and the pulp is yellow, green, and red.
30. Pomelo with lime.
31. Hybrid – Duncan grapefruit, variety bred in Florida, in 1830.
32. Also a hybrid - Hudson grapefruit 
33. A very famous hybrid of pomelo - oroblanco. This is the result of crossing the Siamese sweet pomelo and the Marsh grapefruit.
34. Sweetie - grapefruit hybrid from Israel
35. New Zealand grapefruit. It is called grapefruit, but it is believed to be either a natural tangelo or a hybrid of pomelo and grapefruit. The place of origin is also unclear - either China or Australia. Considerably sweeter than most grapefruits.
36. Chironha is a citrus whose fruits are the size of grapefruits and taste more like oranges. 
37. Calamondin (aka golden lime, Panamanian orange, calamansi, musk lime), the result of crossing a tangerine (sunkey) and a kumquat
38. Yuzu (ichandrin, young) - the result of crossing sunka and ichang-papeda (ichang lime)
39. Kumquat. These are small, yellow or orange fruits, about the size of the outer phalanx of an adult man’s thumb, similar in shape to miniature lemons. They are usually sold in large grocery stores, in laminated foam trays. They appeared in Russia relatively recently, just a few years ago. At first they were hellishly expensive, but today they have become cheaper. Now, if you haven’t tried them yet, you’ve probably seen them
40. Limequat Eustis (hybrid of Mexican lime and round kumquat)
41. Mandarinquat Indio
42. Lemonquats (lemon + kumquat) and orangequats (orange or trifoliate + kumquat). But, pay attention, faustrime is a hybrid of the Eustis limequat and the Australian finger lime. 
43. Sevillano, Seville bitter orange. In Seville they produce 17 thousand tons per year. Bitter oranges are not eaten fresh, they are not used to make juice, but they are used in the hybridization of citrus fruits, used to make orange bitters, to add orange flavor to liqueurs, and also as a seasoning for fish and as a raw material for the production of aromatic oils.
44. Citrangequat is a hybrid of citrange (which in turn is a hybrid of orange and trifoliata, also known as poncirus) and kumquat.
45. Bitter orange kikudaidai (Japanese citrus, canaliculata) is a purely ornamental plant. In Japan it is grown to admire
46. Bergamot (bergamot lemon, Bergamasco sour orange) - a type of bitter orange with a very bright, recognizable smell - used in perfumery
47. Sweet orange Citrus sinensis - Chinese citrus.
48. Hybrid of sour orange and pomelo - natsudaidai or natsumikan 
49. Citrus sinensis - from the inside.
50. Blood oranges. Their Russian name is kings. Americans call them blood oranges. The bloodiest sanguinelli...
51. ...and sanguinelli 
52. Fruit of papeda ichang. Use papeds for hybridization
53. Poncirus is an independent genus of the subfamily of the orange family Rutaceae, which includes one single species - trifoliata or poncirus trifoliata.
54. Citremon – a hybrid of trifoliate and lemon
55. Kabusu (kabosu) - a Chinese, but especially popular in Japan, hybrid of papeda and orange 
56. Eremocitrus or Australian dessert limes. This is also a separate subgenus of citrus fruits. Eremocitrus has a stunning shaggy tree and small green fruits
57. Murrayi is a separate genus of the rue family, not citrus. But their fruits are similar to citrus fruits, and therefore everyone who is involved in breeding, studying and hybridizing citrus fruits is also interested in Murrays. Murraya is also called orange jasmine. 
58. Severinia is also close to citrus fruits
59. Afrocitruses or citropsis. They are African cherry oranges. These are trees with small edible fruits that vaguely resemble citrus fruits.
60. Lemon feronia, sour limonia or Indian wood apple. Indian wild rue with very sour (although they say there are also sweet) edible fruits with an almost wooden peel.
61. Ceylon Orangester. Orangester fruits are very bitter, but the leaves, when rubbed and broken, have a strong lemon aroma.
Chaenomeles, or Japanese quince, is often called the northern lemon due to its sour fruits high in vitamin C.
The birthplace of this culture is the mountainous regions of Japan. But it is quite frost-resistant, can withstand temperatures down to -30 °C and is moving further and further north. Chaenomeles is a 1 m tall shrub with numerous branches. It blooms very profusely and for a long time in May. The flowers are orange-red, similar to rose hips, and are not damaged by spring frosts. The plant is cross-pollinated, so it is necessary to have at least two copies on the site. After flowering, fruits are formed the size of a chicken egg, oval or pear-shaped. They ripen at the end of September - October, become yellow and very fragrant. The fruit tastes sour and astringent. We make fragrant jam from them, and also cut them into pieces, sprinkle with granulated sugar and put them in jars. After a day, a syrup of excellent taste and amazing aroma is released. The syrup can be stored in the basement for a year. It is a source of essential vitamins; we add it to tea in winter, which acquires a unique taste and aroma.
In our garden we planted three chaenomeles bushes at a distance of 1.5 m. We chose an open, sunny place. Plant roots are deep and respond well to watering and fertilizing. I carry out the first fertilizing at the beginning of spring, scattering complex mineral fertilizer on the snow under the bushes. Over the summer I feed it 2-3 more times with mullein solution at a rate of 1:10. In the fall, after harvesting the fruits, I sprinkle the soil under the bushes with manure and dig it to a depth of 40 cm.
I propagate Chaenomeles with freshly harvested seeds, which I sow in beds in October. In winter, the seeds undergo natural stratification and sprout vigorously in the spring. By autumn, the seedlings reach a height of 40 cm and are suitable for transplanting to a permanent location.
Chaenomeles is a fast-growing crop; seedlings from seeds begin to bear fruit from the age of three. My yield from a five-year-old bush is 5 kg. You can propagate Japanese quince by green cuttings in a greenhouse with daily spraying, woody cuttings, and horizontal layering, but these methods are more labor-intensive.
In the harshest winters, the tips of the shoots of Chaenomeles sometimes froze; now, to prevent this from happening, I throw loose snow on the bushes. In early spring, I prune the bushes - I cut out old branches that have bear fruit, leaving well-developed shoots of different ages. A developed bush should have no more than 15 of them, then the fruits will be larger and more beautiful.
Chaenomeles is a very ornamental shrub; it looks great in single and small group plantings, in low hedges, and on rocky hills. This useful plant is a good honey plant.
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Growing Japanese Chaenomeles (Japanese Quince)
The investigation established
About seven years ago, having set out to expand the plant range at my beautiful dacha, I unexpectedly found an amazing garden crop (the dream of any summer resident), and a worthy answer to mercantile traders, and an excellent alternative to chemical overseas fruits.
And I found this “three in one” miracle on a neighbor’s property that had been abandoned a long time ago; I don’t even remember when I saw its owners. In general, I looked there, as they say, to check the order (you never know what is hidden there that is harmful and dangerous for others), and accidentally noticed a strange shaggy bush, with dry branches sticking out in all directions, on which hung small, yellow, fragrant... well, like apples. Oh, who are you, fruit unknown to me? Forgotten, abandoned, in a semi-wild state, he was modestly silent. Armed with special literature, I began to make inquiries about the stranger.
And I found out that among botanists and summer residents, the debate has been going on for many years about the correct name and name of this plant, and there is a lot of confusion (it’s like with a guinea pig: it’s neither really a pig nor a guinea pig). Some call it Japanese quince, other - chaenomeles, well, some in general northern lemon, because its fruits give off sourness. I liked the second option, because in translation from Latin the word “chaenomeles” means “valve apple.”
Very similar, by the way. This genus includes three natural species, the most common in China and Japan - chaenomeles japonica, beautiful and cathayan. And there are four more hybrids that arose as a result of cunning combinations of crossings. They create transitional forms between species, which makes their identification even more difficult. In general, when you think that you are growing Japanese quince, it may turn out that it is Japanese chaenomeles or something else. In the end, having become completely entangled in the complex fate of the Chaenomeles genus and lost in the dense branches of its family tree, I voluntarily decided that I had met an excellent Chaenomeles. Just my whim, that's all. And he began to treat him according to the definition.
Planting Chaenomeles
And therefore, he did not replant the old bush, but collected fragrant apples and dug up young shoots, which were full of them around. I immediately planted it on my site. And I planted it like this. I dug 50x50 cm holes at a distance of 70 cm from each other, poured half a bucket of compost into each, a half-liter jar of ash and a handful of nitroammophoska, mixed well. It should be noted that the soil at my beautiful dacha is sandy loam. And therefore, it would probably be necessary to add superphosphate, but I didn’t have it at that time. And money too, by the way.
I planted them up to the root collar, and then immediately watered the plantings well - a bucket per hole. The water was absorbed, I slightly planted the seedlings, and mulched the area around with old fallen pine needles.
It was already in October.
I washed the apples that I collected at home (the aroma fills the whole apartment!), cut them into slices, and took out the seeds. I dried some of the slices on the radiator (drink with tea), and froze some of them - add them to salads and pies in winter, and put them in the same tea. And the tea, I must say, had a unique taste and aroma. Where are the imported lemons? Chaenomeles is lovely. Adore!
But he didn’t throw away the seeds he took out, no (as either beginners, or very arrogant and incurious, or very rich summer residents do). That same October, I sowed them in the prepared bed. I prepared it very simply. I marked a strip of 1 x 3 m, sprinkled 500 g of nitroammophoska, 2 buckets of compost and 2 liters of ash evenly over the surface.
And he dug it all up with a shovel. I leveled it with a rake, made five furrows with a hoe, 1.5 cm deep, and spread the seeds there, at intervals of about 5 cm. I closed the furrows with a rake, leveled it and compacted it. I didn’t cover the garden bed with anything in the winter. I did everything the right way, but to be honest, I thought that nothing would come of it
I had a bad opinion about this plant. In April, all the seeds hatched. The shoots turned out to be quite dense (I took into account for the future that the interval should be greater), so I had to thin everything out.
Twice in the spring I fed it with urea (a matchbox in a 12-liter bucket of water) - in April and May. Moreover, I watered it well twice during the growing season (in the evening), and when it dried out, I weeded and loosened the bed. I didn’t remove the weeds from the garden bed - just mulch. They grew in my garden bed for two seasons, and at the end of the second year, in October, I dug them up. The result was more than two hundred seedlings.
And I distributed them to whomever: neighbors in gardening, neighbors in the city, relatives, and just acquaintances and strangers. And on my plot (taking into account the already planted shoots) there are now 37 bushes growing.
Although Japanese quince has good cold resistance, experts recommend protecting it from piercing winds in winter, otherwise young branches may suffer. As a shelter, the bush can be “draped” with spruce branches or wooden shields can be installed near it, which will trap the snow...
The spring flowering of Chaenomeles, or Japanese quince, is a subject of great joy and delight for all passers-by. This plant is an excellent honey plant, and bees take bribes from it in May, just during the most crucial period for the development of a bee colony. The branches are completely covered from top to bottom with bunches of orange-red-pink-white flowers. Beauty! Chaenomeles is decorative at any time of the year. In spring - flowers, in summer - dense, shiny, dark green leaves, in autumn - numerous yellow apple-fruits.
Important: fruiting is annual and abundant with timely pruning. The most productive branches of this shrub are usually at the age of three years.
Experts say that the yield of Chaenomeles is up to 10 kg per bush. True, I didn’t collect more than five.
Maybe the bushes have not yet gained strength? There is evidence that with good care, chaenomeles can live in one place for 60-80 years. I willingly believe it. From my communication with him, I concluded that this plant does not have any special requirements for soil, but it will always be very happy with loose, fertile soil with the addition of sand. It does not tolerate fresh manure, so I fertilize it with leaf humus. I read in books that bushes love light, and thickening can lead to a decrease in yield. Therefore, in early spring, before the sap begins to flow, I do pruning: I remove all dry, underdeveloped and old shoots, as well as branches older than five years of age (they do not bloom, and therefore do not bear fruit).
In the very late autumn, when the plants go to sleep, I also do pruning, but more gentle. Once I went to the dacha in winter to clear the snow from the branches, and generally see how and what, and at the same time feed the titmice (wonderful summer residents, don’t forget about the feathered helpers!). I looked, and three of my bushes went into the winter unpruned - I got wrapped up and missed them. I thinned it out and took the branches home. So chaenomeles blossomed even in indoor conditions, and the flowering lasted for three whole weeks. It’s cold outside, but on my separate windowsill there’s a riot of wildlife!
Harvesting Japanese Chaenomeles
And finally, a happy ending to the story: I want to talk specifically about fruits. First, a quick note: they contain fruit sugar, organic acids, vitamins B, P (it strengthens blood vessels, and retains its “functionality” even in jam) and, of course, C (chaenomeles contains four times more of it than lemons ). In general, from this side it’s just a wonderful picture.
Another interesting point. Each fruit contains from 20 to 80 seeds. Moreover, they remain viable for four years and have great germination energy. Whenever the seeds are planted (in spring or autumn), they germinate well and before the end of the growing season they manage to reach a size that allows them to be planted in a permanent place or left for the winter in the same place.
And the thought stuck in my head: “Why are all the supermarkets and markets filled with imported lemons, but there is no such beauty?” Grandmothers sell dried fruits at the market, but they haven’t even heard of chaenomeles. It turns out that people simply don’t know about him? Demand creates supply, but there is no demand - so maybe we need to be reminded more often that there is such a miracle fruit?
Personally, I would grow it even for tea alone. Although fresh Chaenomeles fruits are very hard and sour, and it is almost impossible to eat them, you can prepare a lot of healthy and tasty dishes from them.
Chaenomeles (Japanese quince) - recipes
Chaenomeles jam
For example, jam. I wash the fruits, peel them, cut them and remove the seeds. Then I cut them into pieces, put them in a saucepan, add water and boil for about half an hour until they soften. I use the water after blanching the fruit to make syrup. Pour the blanched slices into the boiling syrup and cook over low heat until tender. If you pasteurize jam, then for 1 kg of prepared fruit you need 1.5 kg of sugar and 300 ml of water. The jam turns out to be unusually aromatic, has a pleasant sweet and sour (reminiscent of pineapple) taste, is yellow in color and hardens like jelly.
I also candy the fruits. I wash, chop, sprinkle with sugar. Then I put them in sterilized jars, cover them with nylon lids and store them in the refrigerator. Simple and delicious.
Japanese quince syrup
An excellent product of chaenomeles processing is syrup. I take about 1 kg of fruit, peel it, cut it into pieces, and put it in a jar. During this event I add sugar. It turns out to be approximately 1:1 in volume, and close it with a nylon lid. After 10-15 days the syrup is ready. I pour it into a separate container, and use the slices to make compote or jam.
Chaenomeles japonica juice
Now - juice. I mash the fruits and remove the seeds. I use a juicer to get juice. I store it in liter glass jars with nylon or screw-on lids in the refrigerator. I drink juice, adding sugar to it or mixing it into compote or other juices. Where are all the lemonades?
The juice and syrup can be used for blending or making homemade wine.
The spicy seasoning that my mother makes is very tasty: she takes 3 kg of fruit, cuts it, cooks for 5 minutes. in boiling water; rubs through a metal sieve or colander and puts on fire. When the mixture boils, add finely chopped vegetables into it: 300 g of garlic, 0.5 kg of sweet pepper, 3 pods of hot pepper, 300 g of cilantro and 300 g of any other greens, salt and sugar to taste. Mix all this and boil for 10 minutes. and puts it into jars. Store in the refrigerator.
I would also like to add that during canning, the specific aroma and fragrance of Chaenomeles fruits are preserved. By adding them to compotes or jam made from pears, apples, chokeberries (chokeberries), you can significantly improve the taste and aroma of the latter. I personally especially like this “improved” apple jam.
So, summary: this plant can withstand harsh, one might say extreme, conditions; there are no special complaints about the soils; there is no frequency of fruiting; as a result, you can always have a guaranteed supply of vitamins for the whole winter; reproduces easily and naturally; care is minimal and not burdensome - feed it a couple of times a season and water it three or four times (if there is no rain). Well, also prune and harvest. I personally do not know the pests and diseases of Chaenomeles. In short, a miracle fruit tested by time and adversity!
Special opinion:
You're really sorry!
More than once I have heard from familiar summer residents: they say, what a pity that ripe quince fruits are difficult to store for a long time - they are both tender and their keeping quality is so-so. Well, I won’t argue with the fact that they are fragile, because even a small dent from an impact can very quickly turn into a “bruise”, and then rot will appear.
But you still have to try to chop the entire harvest! I personally collect the harvested fruits in a shallow wicker basket so that they are less subject to any mechanical stress, because crawling up and down the stairs during harvesting, every now and then you accidentally push the container. And I have very little beaten quince.
Growing Chaenomeles - personal experience
Japanese quince is what Chaenomeles is popularly called. By the way, many experts strongly disagree with this popular name. A connoisseur, of course, will immediately enter into an argument and begin to claim that this plant is also found in China - and will remember Chaenomeles Cathayan. But this species is unlikely to be able to withstand the Russian winter, and therefore don’t even try to grow it in the Central region.
We grow Chaenomeles japonica and Chaenomeles Mauleya. They are similar to each other, only the first is a shrub of the Rosaceae family that is taller (up to 3 m), the second is shorter (0.7-1.5 m).
Both beautiful and useful!
Chaenomeles are very decorative and are often used to create hedges, groups and trellises. And Japanese quince is a good honey plant. Its fruits are amber-yellow or yellowish-green, similar to oblong apples (3-5 cm in diameter), sometimes with an appetizing pink barrel, ripening at the end of September. They contain 5 times more vitamin C than lemons. But we don’t recommend eating chaenomeles raw – it’s sour! Delicious jams and compotes are prepared from it, syrups, jellies, marmalade and liqueurs are made.
I grow Japanese chaenomeles in my front garden, which pleases the eye from early spring until late autumn. Chaenomeles is light-loving and relatively winter-hardy (it is better to choose places where a lot of snow accumulates). In normal winters, only the ends of immature shoots freeze.
In general, growing Chaenomeles is not a troublesome task. This is a small, spreading, slow-growing shrub with flexible, upward-pointing shoots. The leaves of Japanese quince are wide, shiny, dark green. Scarlet flowers up to 3.5 cm in diameter, arranged in groups of 2-6 pieces on the shoots of the previous year. Japanese quince is distinguished by its long flowering period, which occurs in June. Almost not affected by diseases.
It is propagated by seeds, green cuttings, root suckers, dividing the bush and layering.
If you decide to propagate Chaenomeles by seeds, then during spring sowing you will need three months of advance stratification - placing the seeds for some time (from 1 to 8 months) in a moist, cold environment,
The vegetative method is cuttings (in June) and grafting onto common quince or pear (in spring).
Chaenomeles seeds and seedlings can be bought at a garden center or ordered from online stores. I planted my shrub using the vegetative method, and it worked.
It is better to preserve chaenomeles in arbitrary proportions with other fruits and vegetables, for example, apples, peaches, hard pears, pumpkin, and zucchini. Prepared chopped fruits and vegetables are poured with syrup (500 g of sugar per 1 liter of water) and sterilized at a temperature of 85°C (liter jars, 13-15 minutes).
1 kg of apples, 300-400 g of chaenomeles, 1 kg of sugar, 1.5 glasses of water. Apples and chaenomeles are washed and cut into slices without peeling. Add water and cook until softened. Rub through a sieve or colander. The resulting puree is brought to a boil, sugar is added and cooked until tender in one step. When the mark left by a spoon in the middle of the mass stops merging, the hot jam is put into jars. Cool and cover with tight lids.
Masks for oily and porous skin
The fruits are grated on a fine grater and poured with vodka half diluted with water. Leave for a week, shaking the container occasionally. Strain. Soak a napkin in the liquid and place it on your face. After 15-20 minutes, remove and rinse your face with warm water.
Beat the chicken protein and add 1 teaspoon of freshly squeezed henome-lesa juice to it. The resulting mixture is applied to the face and washed off with warm water after 20 minutes.
Plant chaenomeles at home, give it a little attention, and it will delight you with its beautiful flowering and healthy fruits.
Japanese quince: beauty, aroma, taste and benefits
I met Japanese quince at an abandoned dacha. One spring my husband and I went to visit. Driving past an abandoned dacha, I noticed beautifully flowering bushes. She asked her husband to stop to look at what kind of beauty there is that you can admire from the road?
It was easy to enter the abandoned dacha, as the fence had rotted and fallen. Coming closer to the bushes, I was simply amazed at their extraordinary flowering. All the branches were strewn with elegant flowers of orange, red, pink and white colors, it was impossible to take your eyes off them. How can you throw away such beauty?!
I didn’t know then that it was Japanese quince (chaenomeles). I also didn’t know that she was not only beautiful, but also very useful. But these bushes sank into my soul. The second time I visited them was in the middle of summer. By that time they were overgrown with grass, and they were no longer visible from the road. I was even worried, were they alive? Alive. Small green apples appeared on the branches. I weeded the grass around them, and also picked some grass nearby and put everything under the bushes. I cut out the lower dry branches. The summer was rainless, so I covered the ground around them with grass to somehow retain moisture.
For the third time I visited the bushes I loved at the end of September. And I discovered that there was a path in the grass leading to my pets. Yeah, that means other guests came to the elegant bushes besides me. Were they offended? No, they didn't offend. The apples are already ripe and yellow. Someone had collected them, but some were still hanging here and there on branches.
I collected them. When I picked them, such a aroma emanated from them, it’s just a miracle! I was afraid to try it, because at that time I didn’t know what kind of fruit it was. I showed it to my brother Vladimir Nikolaevich, and he said: “Yes, this is a Japanese quince! I gave you its seeds to plant in your dacha.” And then I remembered: indeed, I once planted something along the fence and forgot. Apparently, I just didn’t understand what kind of plant it was, I didn’t get into it somehow.
Then my brother picked a whole bucket of yellow, fragrant apples at his dacha and gave it to me. He also gave recipes for making jam, juice, compotes, etc. Then I realized how lovely this quince is!
Fragrant apples
The seeds planted along the fence sprouted and small bushes grew. I realized that I had offended them and undeservedly ignored them. Replanted it in a sunny place. And from those apples that I picked at an abandoned dacha, I collected seeds and planted them before winter last fall. I also want to grow a few bushes, because Chaenomeles is truly a miracle fruit.
Several beautiful varieties of Chaenomeles - description and photo
Chaenomeles superba "Cameo" (Chaenomeles x superba)
Description. This variety of hybrid origin was obtained from x. excellent. Several varieties were bred from this species by Dutch and American breeders. In Russia, they have so far been poorly studied, although the “Cameo” variety can increasingly be found in our gardens, and it behaves well in our country. This is a low shrub (1.5 m). It has double flowers of stunning color: soft peach with a cream stripe along the edge of the petals. It blooms in May, before the leaves appear. The flowers do not bloom at the same time, so flowering can last almost a month. The leaves are elongated, rich green, shiny, with a delicate reddish-bronze tint when blooming. Produces fruits similar to apples (up to 5 cm), at first they are green, later turning light yellow. Agricultural technology. Needs a light or slightly shaded area. Prefers light, fresh, nutritious soil. In the conditions of the middle zone, it overwinters with varying success - flower buds may freeze, and then in the spring they bloom only in the lower part of the bush, which was under the snow.
Reproduction. Cuttings or layering. Usage. Used in group and single plantings, as well as as part of mixborders.
ChaenomelesJapanese"Red Joy" (Chaenomeles japonica)
Description. This variety comes from x. Japanese (perhaps the most stable of all Chaenomeles). It grows up to 1.6 m in height. It is a densely leafy, branching shrub with a wide, rounded crown. Its flowers are dark red, semi-double, quite large with a beautiful, slightly pearlescent tint. They bloom in late April - early May, before the leaves appear. Flowering is abundant and lush. The leaves are small, glossy, slightly curled. Does not set fruit. Agricultural technology. Chaenomeles is a rather unpretentious shrub, but it grows and develops best in sunny areas, although it can also tolerate light partial shade, with fertile soil, well moistened, but without stagnant water. In the conditions of central Russia it winters well, although in particularly harsh winters it can freeze, but only the flower buds suffer.
Reproduction. Chaenomeles is propagated in June by green cuttings.
Usage. This bright variety can be used in a variety of types of decoration. The plant makes excellent low borders that are eye-catching in early spring. It’s a good idea to plant Chaenomeles in small groups against the backdrop of a lawn. And also use them to design the background of a mixborder.
Chaenomelesexcellent"Crimson and Gold" (Chaenomeles x superba)
Description. This variety comes from x. excellent. Unlike most other varieties obtained from this species, "Crimson and Gold" was tested in the conditions of central Russia and worked well. This is a low bush (1 - 1.2 m) with rich green medium-sized leaves. When they bloom, they have a reddish tint, and in the fall they acquire a golden-yellow color. The flowers are not very large, up to 3 cm, but extremely spectacular, bright red, with well-distinguished golden stamens. They bloom in May. Produces fruits that ripen at the end of September. They are edible, but not very tasty.
Agricultural technology. Chaenomeles is undemanding, but is able to fully reveal all its advantages only in a suitable area and with a little care. It grows well in sun or light partial shade. Prefers soils that are light, well-moistened, and fertile. It is frost-resistant, although in particularly harsh winters it can freeze slightly, but quickly recovers. Reproduction. Propagated by cuttings, root suckers and layering. Usage. This consistently ornamental shrub looks good in single and group plantings.
Chaenomeles Toyo-Nishiki (Chaenomeles)
Description. A beautiful variety of hybrid origin. It reaches a height of 1.5 m. The flowers are semi-double, quite large, similar to apple flowers, creamy, and sometimes almost white in the central part. The outer side of the petals is pink, sometimes their inner part also turns pink. Some specimens have both snow-white and pale pink petals in one flower. They bloom in mid-May, flowering lasts about two weeks. Agricultural technology. Chaenomeles needs regular feeding. It is better to feed it three times during the season: the first - in early spring, with nitrogen fertilizers; the second - after flowering, phosphorus-potassium; at the end of summer, repeat fertilizing with phosphorus and potassium. It is also useful to mulch the tree trunk circles - this way the plant does not overheat, moisture in the soil is retained, and the soil itself remains loose. Chaenomeles can be pruned once every 5-6 years, removing only poorly developed shoots, as well as diseased, broken and thickening shoots. Reproduction. Propagated by green cuttings and layering.
Usage. Early flowering chaenomeles looks great with other spring shrubs - low almond and almond tree, forsythia, spirea, mahonia.
Japanese beauty invites you for tea
We can already call plants such as Japanese quince our own, since they have been cultivated in our area for decades. During this period, they were completely acclimatized, adapted to our conditions and feel great.
To make her feel sour
When growing naturally, it is a heat-loving shrub, which, however, is able to withstand harsh winters with temperatures up to 30 degrees below zero without freezing of the buds.
Ive, or. in another way, chaenomele-su, a well-lit place is required, moderately moist soil with a high humus content, but always with an acidic or slightly acidic reaction, as for blueberries. Some gardeners make the mistake of adding ash, lime or dolomite flour to the planting hole. If this circumstance is not taken into account, the plant will grow poorly and practically not bear fruit. To acidify the soil, you can use table vinegar diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. It is better to mulch with acidic peat, sawdust, and pine needles.
From a bush to a tree
If you leave only one of the strongest and vertically growing shoots on the bush, you can form Chaenomeles in the form of a tree. It is desirable that it is not thickened, so you should leave only 5-7 branches on it. If necessary, the trunk can be supported with a support.
"Japanese" can be propagated by seeds, but this is a rather lengthy process, so it is best to use root shoots, which are usually plentiful.
Quince blooms from late April to mid-May, and in some years throughout May. The flowers are most often red in color and emit a pleasant aroma, attracting bees and bumblebees. During this period, the plant, especially if it is in standard form, greatly decorates the garden.
Fruit time
Care consists of removing weeds and shoots, watering in dry weather, and mulching. In mid-summer, a slight drop of poorly developed fruits occurs. Ripening of the remaining ones begins in early autumn, the color of the fruits is golden. They can be removed selectively as they mature.
From one tree I get at least 50 fruits with an average weight of 20-25 g. They contain a lot of nutrients and essential oils (the taste and aroma come from them). But the main value lies in the high content of vitamin C.
It is worth adding that in their whole form the fruits are so sour that it is simply impossible to eat them. Our family has found the following use for henomeles. Wash the ripe fruits, dry them, cut them into slices, sprinkle them with sugar, put them in glass jars and place them in the refrigerator. After a few days, the juice is released, we drain it, and add sugar again to the cut fruits.
Quince vs lemon
What's next? Once the guests, and there were five of them, were offered to taste tea. The tea leaves were poured into 10 cups in equal quantities, a slice of candied quince was placed in 5 of them, and lemon slices were placed in the rest. They poured boiling water over it, after three minutes they took out pieces of fruit and served discreetly marked cups to the guests. So: four “tasters” noted that the tea with quince was more aromatic and tasty, but one did not see any difference. This means that the victory went to Chaenomeles with a score of 4.5:0.5.
This fruit crop is also supported by the fact that it is consumed in the same place where it was grown, which cannot be said about lemon, which “travels” somewhere for a long time before reaching our table.
Beauty in Japanese
Connoisseurs of beauty, masters of winter preparations, and novice summer residents will be pleased with Japanese quince.
My son and I started developing our 6 acres in 1987, when he was 16 years old and I was 46. In the first summer, we had to uproot 60 stumps. In fact, we didn’t do anything else: we had neither time nor energy. But we spent the winter sawing and splitting these stumps. Now I’m 75 years old, my son is no longer alive, my wife died even earlier, so now I have to take care of the dacha farming alone. Over the past years, considerable experience has been accumulated in growing garden crops, including Japanese quince, which I want to talk about.
When I first saw this plant in the spring, about 30 years ago, near the house in the city where we lived then, I was struck by its bright scarlet flowers, densely clinging to the branches. It was such a beautiful and unusual sight that every time I passed by, I stopped and admired. At the same time, I didn’t even know what this culture was called.
I began to delve into the literature and found out that this is the Japanese quince, or, scientifically, chaenomeles. From that moment on, I was eager to plant it on my site. And several chaenomeles bushes became the first pets in the garden. Until now, I have about 10 bushes growing on my site, and every spring in May they delight the eye with their flowering. I think that we still need to look for a more decorative garden crop.
During this time, the bushes had to be replanted from place to place several times, which was associated with the redevelopment of the site and the construction of a house and a bathhouse.
From my own experience, I will say that replanting adult empty trees is quite difficult due to the long central roots that go to great depths. This should be kept in mind by anyone interested in Chaenomeles.
About 10 years ago I collected seeds from the bushes and planted them in the fall in the front garden in one row. The germination rate turned out to be very good: after about a year, there were already about 20 vigorous sprouts in front of the house. I planted some of them on the site, and gave some to friends. At the same time, it was possible to notice some differences in the fruits of the plants: some were yellow, others were yellow-red.
Japanese quince bushes grow well in open sunny areas, but develop poorly in the shade: they bloom poorly and do not bear fruit. They do not require special care; they grow, as they say, on their own. In frosty winters, the ends of the branches can freeze, so I always cover the bushes with a layer of snow, especially since this is absolutely not difficult to do, since they are low-growing and rarely grow more than 0.5 m in height.
I harvest in late August - early September.
It’s possible, of course, later, but I don’t particularly trust the weather now. In any case, the deadline for harvesting is before the first frost, since they instantly destroy the berries. And the berries make excellent jam (reminiscent of rhubarb in taste) and compote. You just need to keep in mind that since the fruits are quite sour, the sugar consumption will be one and a half times more than usual. In addition, they are also very hard (especially compared to the fruits of “simple” ripe quince), so you will have to use force when cutting the fruits and removing the seeds, which occupy up to half the volume of the berries.
I address these brief practical comments to those gardeners who are just beginning to develop their plots and select plants for planting.
Chaenomeles japonica - planting and care: video
★21.91 rub. : How to grow Chaenomeles - tips... The lemon tree in our areas will not tolerate even November frosts. But there is an excellent replacement: Japanese quince or chaenomeles - our northern “lemon”.
Once you see a blooming Japanese quince bush, you will not be able to forget it. In May, this valuable ornamental and fruit shrub is completely covered with spectacular large coral-red flowers, collected in garlands along the entire branch. It is no coincidence that Chaenomeles is one of the five most beautiful flowering shrubs. Its flowering lasts up to two to three weeks, giving the gardener true pleasure. And in the fall, fragrant golden-yellow fruits ripen on the bush, similar to a small apple or pear. From one bush you get 3–5 kg of fruit.
Japanese quince fruits are rich in vitamins and other beneficial substances. But the main value is the high content of vitamin C: 125 – 180 mg per 100 g of fruit. Even in March, quince slices preserved with sugar (1:1) contain almost the same amount of vitamin C as is contained in imported lemons at this time. Excellent jellies, juices and syrups, marmalades, jams are made from quince, and it can be dried. The essential oils contained in the peel add a unique aroma to compotes made from any fruits and berries and enhance drinks.
Japanese quince is native to the mountainous regions of Japan. It came to Europe at the end of the eighteenth century and firmly won the hearts of nature lovers.
The undoubted advantage of these northern “lemons” is their extraordinary unpretentiousness: they are drought-resistant, not afraid of frost, and bloom and bear fruit every year. Japanese quince perfectly strengthens slopes and can decorate the most unsuitable areas of the garden. It tolerates cutting well, which allows you to create excellent borders. Japanese quince grafted onto the tall trunk of a wild pear turns into a spectacular standard plant. Quince is also an excellent honey plant; bees love it.
For growing chaenomelis, a dry (if possible) place on a hill is suitable. The distance between bushes should be at least a meter in order to avoid shading and thickening of plantings. Annual seedlings are planted either in the spring (before the buds open) or in the fall (1 - 1.5 months before the onset of cold weather). First, holes are dug for seedlings measuring 0.5 x 0.5 m. After immersing the root system in the hole, cover the roots with fertile soil with the addition of garden compost. Next, water the planted plant thoroughly. As soon as the water is absorbed into the soil, the surface of the soil should be mulched so that the moisture does not quickly evaporate. In order for the seedling to grow intensively and bush, it must be cut to a height of 15–20 cm.
Caring for Japanese quince bushes involves removing weak, dry, snow-broken or old branches. A properly formed bush, as a rule, has 4 - 6 one-year branches, 3 - 4 two-, three- and four-year branches, five-year branches no more than 2 - 3. Do not forget to fertilize the soil, add humus or compost to it, and fertilize it fermented mullein or chicken droppings.
Chaenomeles reproduces by seeds, root shoots, and cuttings. For example, you can buy just one fruit of this plant in the fall. There are many seeds inside the fruit. In late autumn, the seeds need to be sown in a row (not too late even after the snow has fallen). In winter, sown quince seeds will undergo natural stratification. In the spring you will see friendly shoots. Plants grown from seeds bloom in the third or fourth year.
