Or a remake five years later. Or what kind of stoves are in Bashkir villages.
Before rework After
About the beginning of the alteration in the summer. Now look at what the request to change the door resulted in. We won’t fall for this anymore, it’s better to build again.
The stove was built according to a project from the magazine “Advice of Professionals”, I don’t remember what year it was. It is based on a T-shaped design, the smoke from the firebox first rises into a blank hood in the middle (located in the right side wall, where the cleaning door is below), then descends and diverges through two lifting channels, which converge above the hood ceiling and go into the chimney. I simply placed the distant channel in the side of the fireplace, and then added a fireplace.
So, I decided to try the Aryan, the oven of the ancient Aryans, as they call it. Although what does this have to do with the Aryans, and even the ancient ones, for the life of me I don’t understand. Once the customer’s sister was visiting; according to her, such stoves are found in almost every yard in Bashkir villages. But the Bashkirs in the villages had heard little about the ancient Aryans. But this is a topic for a separate expedition; in the spring we will travel to Bashkiria again...
The Aryan oven consists of two chambers, the lower one is the combustion chamber, and the upper one is the cooking chamber. The wood burns below, the smoke goes to the top and heats it, and it remains cleaner than in the Russian one... although this is doubtful, the vault is still smoked, but underneath - without ash. And you can cook in it simultaneously with the firebox. Presumably, no data yet...
I lined the lower firebox on edge, threw the hob onto... into the barn, and covered the firebox with three rows, leaving an exit into the hood (to the right) and into the upper chamber (up). By the way, after heating, you can bake pies in this firebox, after raking out the coals. This is what they do in Bashkir villages, so they ask them to make the firebox bigger, bigger...
Yes - I pulled channels for secondary air under the floor from the blower and brought them out behind the back wall of the firebox under the hole in the ceiling. Just in case (for afterburning unburned fuel particles?)
What this gave is also not yet clear. No data, additional tests and experiments are required.
But when the hole is open, the smoke will go up, but it won’t go to the side, into the cap or under the cover. There is no way you can put a valve there, so without further ado I decided to just plug it with a brick. When the brick is closed, the oven operates in Dutch mode:
With an open brick - in Aryan mode:
An open cleaning door leads to the chimney of the fireplace located at the back, and accordingly into the chimney, so in the Aryan mode, you can tightly close the damper of the mouth so that the smoke is not even allowed to splash out; it will go into the chimney of the fireplace.
Well, if you close the brick again and light a fire right in the upper chamber, then the oven switches to Russian mode:
It turns out a Russian-Aryan Dutch woman with a fireplace!
The customer asked to put a cast-iron sheet on the Russian floor and hearth so as not to stain the brick with grease and it would be more convenient to move the pots on a level surface. This is what they do in Bashkir villages, and there is a reason for it.
Inserts with monograms at the top are nothing more than inserted bricks of cleaning holes, letter B 
- the upper horizontal channel above the cap, just a curl - in front of the Russian hog. I decided that cast iron doors would be out of place there. There are no channels on the left; there is a shelf there, which in winter will be littered with wet woolen socks and mittens, and the inserts are purely decorative, for symmetry.
Well, on the keystone of the arch is the customer’s monogram:
After a little modification it will become my personal mark. Rumor has it that he has already earned it)))
The test fire didn't show much. There is no direct movement in the stove, so when lighting with the fire door open, smoke is observed. However, this was the case before the alteration. When the temperature of the flue gases increases, the smoking stops. As you can see in the video:
In Bashkir villages, stoves are heated like this: the firebox is filled to the top with birch logs, and below is a piece of birch bark, which is set on fire. Just birch bark causes the birch bark on the logs to catch fire, then the logs themselves, the firebox is closed and they remember about it an hour or two later, when the wood burns out. Therefore, the above drawback will not be noticeable.
I also expected a different result from the Aryan. As I saw on the video on YouTube, in the upper chamber the flame blossomed like a flower, and rare sparks flew out here. Of course, we didn’t lay a full firebox, but a few logs, and they didn’t burn for long (we had to get home through the snowdrifts before dark), and with a full fire, the result might be different.
In general, a stove requires more careful and thoughtful testing, experimentation, and research. The owners will take care of this, and we will also catch up in the spring.
Thank you for your attention!
If rivers of blood have been shed in Russia throughout its long-suffering history, then perhaps the Russians, saving their lives, somehow tried to escape from all the horrors? Emigrated to calmer and less violent states?
So, the Russians actually settled. They left the center of the country, and in fairly large numbers, but for some reason not to humane Europe, but to uninhabited Siberia, the cold North and the wild, dangerous South. The peasants, I believe, were dark and downtrodden people, they did not understand geography. But the more or less enlightened nobility...
Maybe it was heading to the West, asking for “political asylum,” as it later became known? No, somehow not very much. Of course, there were people like Prince Kurbsky, who fled to the Poles, or the clerk of the Ambassadorial Prikaz, Grigory Kotoshikhin, who remained in Sweden. But these are political refugees, and there have always been such people in all countries. After the English Revolution, tens of thousands of supporters of the royal dynasty lived in France. After the French Revolution of 1789–1793, the number of political emigrants exceeded 200 thousand people.
Rather, one should be surprised that before the 20th century there were almost no political emigrants from Russia.
But political emigrants are a few, the exception rather than the rule. Was there a mass exodus from Russia? Did not have…
Was there movement in the opposite direction?
It was, and what else!
From Europe to Russia
When people remember Russian serfdom, they often say that slavery is “in the blood” of Russians. Every time a European journalist writes about Ivan the Terrible, they imply that cruelty is also inherent in us from time immemorial.
But Russia lived most of its history in at least relative peace. In the sense that, of course, wars were fought, but on the periphery of the country or beyond its borders. And most of the territory of Russia was not covered by enemy armies. Even the war with Napoleon was fought in a narrow strip of 200 kilometers from west to east. Outside the “strip,” normal daily life continued. Russia, as a rule, waged not aggressive, but defensive wars.
European states were constantly at war with each other. England fought with its neighbors - with France, and with Ireland, and with Scotland. France - both with Spain and with England. The German principalities fought among themselves, and the territory of Germany since the Thirty Years' War became the arena of pan-European wars. Moreover, wars took place throughout France, Spain, and Germany.
Intrastate European ethnic conflicts dragged on and smoldered for centuries. For example, in a humane and civilized Europe, the Basques and Moriscos were not migrants to the Iberian Peninsula. These are the same descendants of Iberian tribes as the Spaniards. But all the Iberians in the Roman Empire switched to the Latin language, but the Vascon tribe did not want to and retained their language. The events are two thousand years old, and the Roman Empire is long gone. And the conflict continues to this day.
Conflicts between the Celtic Irish and the English have continued for hundreds of years.
The Irish Republican Army began to disarm only a couple of years ago. The conflict between the Flemings and the Walloons, the Austrians and the Hungarians is smoldering, and these examples can be continued: constant civil and religious wars, the Inquisition.
Refugees to Rus'
It is not surprising that from such a Europe engulfed in fire, people fled... to Russia. It turned out to be calmer in Russia.
Surprisingly, Europeans began to move to Russia precisely from the time when foreigners began to show dissatisfaction with its morals. The first settlers appeared in the era of Ivan III. Up to 30 thousand Poles, Germans, Romanians, and South Slavs moved to Russia during the time of Ivan the Terrible. Suicides?! Not at all.
During these considered “monstrously bloody” times, Russia was safer than the West.
Moreover, we were traveling during the reign of Mikhail Romanov and his son Alexei Mikhailovich. Under these kings from the Romanov dynasty, Russia not only accepted refugees, moreover, they were provided with benefits. Only in Kukui on the Moscow River lived 20 thousand, and by the era of Peter - even 40 thousand foreigners.
Under Peter I, and then under Catherine the Great, the resettlement of foreigners to Russia was already part of a targeted migration policy.
The attitude towards immigrants in Russia was more than favorable: according to Catherine’s manifesto of July 22, 1763, they were exempt from taxes and all kinds of duties. Here is an excerpt from this manifesto:
“We allow all foreigners to enter Our Empire and settle wherever they wish, in all Our Provinces... But so that everyone who wants to settle in Our Empire can see how great the benefits and benefits are without hindrance... those who have arrived from foreign countries to settle in Russia should not No taxes to be paid to Our treasury..."
Not a single emigrant in any European country, then or now, enjoyed such benefits.
Free choice of place of settlement, freedom of religion, self-government, exemption from taxes, taxes and all kinds of duties. I repeat, in no other European country has any emigrant, either 250 years ago or today, taken advantage of such opportunities.
Of course, many came to Russia, guided primarily by economic considerations, “to catch happiness and ranks,” but there were also enough of those who saved their necks from the good old British gallows (this is how Lermontov’s ancestors came to Russia - the Scots Lermonts) or from the young, but equally kind guillotine (among these French emigrants is one of the founders of Odessa, the Duke de Richelieu).
An entire city was built for the Greeks fleeing the Ottoman Empire - Mariupol.
By the end of the 18th century, there were already 505 foreign colonies in Russia, the overwhelming majority of them German. The Germans occupied different social positions in the state: courtiers, high generals, ministers, factory owners, scientists, writers, artists, workers and farmers.
These people and their descendants - courtiers and farmers, generals and doctors, entrepreneurs and scientists - left a good memory of themselves in the history of Russia. In addition to the Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Bulgarians, Dutch, immigrants from Switzerland and from the island found a second home in Russia. Mallorca, and so on and so forth...
A little-known fact: of the 100 thousand French captured by Napoleon’s army in 1812, half (!) did not return to their homeland. In barbaric and terrible Russia it turned out to be both safer and more satisfying.
There were few Russian prisoners - about 5 thousand people. But they all returned. Until the last person. Isn't this suggestive?
54-year-old resident of Ternopil region Pavel Bannikov calls himself a hereditary stove maker. He says that almost all the men in his family were involved in the construction of stoves. And from an early age he helped older relatives build stoves. But the longer he worked on this business, the more interested he became in the construction of unusual heating units. As a result, he installed in his house not a simple stove, but something like the one that was used by the ancient Aryans even before our era.
The flame burns both below and above
The miracle stove in the Bannikovs’ house is a little reminiscent of a fireplace, and a little like a Gaudi creation, with the same smooth and fantasy lines. Consists of two chambers - upper and lower. However, the form is not the main thing here. Much more important is that the flame in such a stove burns not only from below, as in conventional ones, but also from above.
“The principle of free movement of gases is used here,” Pavel Bannikov told KP in Ukraine. “I light the stove with wood, and the gas that is released as a result of such combustion does not go straight into the pipe, but lights up a second time.
The stove maker explains that when wood burns, it consists of organic substances containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, releasing these gaseous substances, which fly away into the chimney. And in the miracle stove, thanks to its structure, the wood does not burn much, but smolders and releases “flue gas,” which consists of methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It rises to the upper chamber and burns there too, heating the stove again. Bannikov assures that as a result, the efficiency of such a furnace increases, and the atmosphere is less polluted. And the “Aryan” itself has to be cleaned less often, because less soot is formed.
If a regular stove needs to be lit twice on a frosty day, then mine needs to be lit only once,” said Pavel Bannikov. - The savings are significant: to heat my 126-square-meter house, I need a truckload of firewood for the winter. And for a neighbor whose house area is 2 times smaller, it takes twice as much firewood.
If we convert it into monetary equivalent, it turns out that a stove maker heats his house for 500 UAH. per month.
There are also secrets when constructing such a unit. Pavel Bannikov did not reveal all the nuances of his work, but noted that the old stoves that Ukrainians still have in some houses cannot be converted into “Aryan” stoves; they must be built from scratch.
Home without corners
Not only the stove, but also Pavel Bannikov’s house itself is special, in the form of a dome. The man built it with his own hands five years ago, near the village of Baranovka (Ternopil region). Local residents still joke that a UFO landed on their outskirts.
The height of the hemisphere house is 7 m. Inside there is one room, divided into sectors: there is a hall for receiving guests, a master bedroom, a kitchen, a bath, and a toilet. And not a single corner. The owner reminds us that even our smaller brothers do not want to live in square holes or nests. But this is no accident!
Negative energy gathers in the corners, says Pavel Bannikov. - Therefore, even before creating the building drawings, I decided that I would build a spherical dwelling for myself and my family.
Pavel Bannikov spent a year and seven thousand dollars building the hemispherical house. He created the drawings for the future home on his own, using Fuller’s dome drawings that he found on the Internet as a basis. I also saved significantly on building materials, since I abandoned the usual concrete and bricks and replaced them with wood and straw.
The owner also installed two large hexagonal windows through which daylight enters the house. And on the dome itself there are several small windows, which simultaneously serve as hatches for ventilation. In the Bannikovs’ house you really feel peace, comfort and, most importantly, it’s always warm even in severe frosts. The dome, like a thermos, perfectly retains warm air in winter and cools in summer.
HELP "KP"
The Aryans are the ancient peoples of India and Iran who spoke Aryan languages. They lived approximately 4 thousand years ago, leading a predominantly nomadic lifestyle, moving from one pasture to another, which they conquered from other tribes. Scientists claim that the ancient Aryans had a significant influence on the culture of Asia, the Caucasus, China, Turkic, Mongolian, Slavic and Finno-Ugric peoples.
The design of the Arkaim stove itself is interesting. In it, when combining the hearth and the well, a natural and strong air draft was created. The air entering the well column (in the illustration below) was cooled by the water located in the well column and entered the firebox. It is known that melting bronze requires a fairly high temperature, which cannot be achieved without supplying a large volume of air to the combustion site.
"The ancient Aryans were provided with sewerage. Moreover, each dwelling had a well, a stove and a small domed storage. Why? Everything ingenious is simple. We all know that from a well, if you look into it, cool air always comes out. So, in In the Aryan stove, this cool air, passing through the old pipe, created a draft of such force that it made it possible to melt bronze without the use of bellows! Such a furnace was in every home, and the ancient blacksmiths could only hone their skills by competing in this art! Another earthen pipe, leading to the storage facility, ensured a lower temperature in it." (Rites of Love, chapter Arkaim - Academy of the Magi, p. 46).
There was a well next to the furnace, and the furnace vent was connected to the well through an air-blowing channel built in the ground. Experiments conducted by archaeological scientists showed that the Arkaim “miracle furnace” can maintain a temperature sufficient not only to melt bronze, but also to smelt copper from ore (1200-1500 degrees!). Thanks to the air duct connecting the furnace with a five-meter deep well adjacent to it, a draft arises in the furnace, providing the required temperature. Thus, the ancient inhabitants of Arkaim brought into reality the mythological ideas about water giving birth to fire.
Although the practical production of a Vedrus stove is more complicated than any ordinary stove, the result of its work will be the solution to virtually all the energy problems of the estate, including the generation of electricity. Its efficiency will not be inferior to the famous Spirin stove (remember, in whose stove all the pots melted?) and maybe even surpass it if we correctly restore the principle of its operation. If you forgot, I’ll quote a little from this publication by A. Elakhov:
So, I think that in Spirin’s oven the same principle was used that the Magi of Arkaim used in their miracle ovens. What I mean is that the reason for the colossal heating of the furnace is the cold air supplied from below into the furnace. There is no absurdity here, since the supply of cold air was also used in ancient smelting furnaces in Europe:
A quick method of converting cast iron into steel was developed in 1856 by the Englishman G. Bessemer. He proposed blowing air through molten liquid iron in the hope that the oxygen in the air would combine with the carbon and carry it away as a gas. Bessemer was only afraid that the air would cool the cast iron. In fact, the opposite happened - the cast iron not only did not cool down, but heated up even more. Unexpected, isn't it? And this is explained simply: when oxygen in the air combines with various elements contained in cast iron, for example, silicon or manganese, a considerable amount of heat is released.
By the way, our 18th century Russian scientist Mikhailo Lomonosov came closest to the secret of the miracle stoves. While visiting the Ural mines, he noticed the cool air coming from the mines and became interested in this phenomenon. This is what the same Vladimir Efimovich Grum-Grzhimailo, whose work Alexander Spirin found in the attic, writes about him: calling Lomonosov his predecessor, he wrote in the preface to his book:
“In his dissertation “On the free movement of air noted in mines” (1742), he gave a crystal clear idea about the movement of air in mines and chimneys. His theory of squeezing out warm smoke by heavy, cold, outside air was perfectly understood by the whole world. But on this is where the matter stopped. In further attempts to explain the movement of gas in furnaces, the word “draft” became confused, grammatically absurd, for the verb to pull implies a direct connection between the force and the object that is being pulled. There is no draft in furnaces and chimneys: there is squeezing out the warm air of smoke heavy air, as M.V. Lomonosov correctly pointed out; he never used the word “thrust”.
In this case, my question arises: what force causes the cold air to move upward? For example, take the case of two communicating vessels containing water. You can take a flexible building level. No matter how we change the height of either end of the hose, the water in both vessels is always at the same level. Can the same thing happen if the communicating vessels contain not a liquid, but a gas? Yes, if the diameter of the vessels is the same. But if one vessel has a diameter of a decimeter, and another vessel has a diameter of a meter, will the gases occupy the same level relative to the surface of the earth? Indeed, in this case it is necessary to take into account the atmospheric pressure on the upper area of the gas. Let's take a Vedrus well connected by a channel to a stove. The diameter of the outlet channel is 8-12 cm, the cross-section of the well channel is equal to a square meter. Obviously, the pressure of the atmospheric column into the well will be greater than the pressure of the atmospheric column into the outlet channel, plus the weight of the cold air located in the well itself, which means that the cold air will be quietly squeezed into the combustion space of the furnace, fulfilling the purpose of the ash.
It turns out that draft, the presence of which in modern stoves was so valued by stove-makers, is a harmful phenomenon in stoves with free movement of gases, since there is an uncontrolled release of valuable heat into the surrounding space and its irreversible loss of up to 80%, which also means that up to 80% of the forest cut down and burned in vain. The soil and atmosphere are disturbed, as substances harmful to health remain due to incomplete combustion of fuel, the content of carbon dioxide in the air increases, and the greenhouse effect intensifies. To eliminate the harmful phenomenon of draft in a Vedrus stove, the outlet channel from the firebox must be arranged in the lower part, in the cold air zone. Thus, hot gases and hot air circulating in the upper compartment of the furnace are not removed to the outside, but accumulate increasing heat. This is where the temperature that melts metals comes from. A mixture of cool air and lower hot gases captured by the flow is removed from the combustion chamber. Having reached the top of the pipe, the gases are finally cooled and thrown out barely warm, in fact, as three scientists from the Yaroslavl Research Institute recorded while studying Alexander Spirin’s furnace
Of the modern stove designers who use the scientific developments of Professor Grum-Grzhimailo, I know only Igor Kuznetsov, but he, of course, does not use the well principle in his developments, although he has achieved high efficiency in his stove designs. Here I will give the basic operating principle of his free gas movement (FGM) furnaces.
The system of free movement of gases (FGM) in heat generators as interpreted by I.V. Kuznetsov. Heat generators are built according to the formula “The lower tier and the firebox are combined into a single space and make up the lower hood.” The essence of the formula. We are talking about burning fuel in a firebox located in a bell and optimally using the thermal energy released. The essence of the concept: to obtain the maximum amount of heat from fuel when it is burned; use the resulting heat to the maximum extent; The design of the heat generator must meet functional requirements and ensure maximum heat transfer.
The cap is a vessel turned upside down. Let's fill the cap with a portion of hot air. The hot air, as lighter air, will rise upward, displace the cold heavy air from the bell, and will remain there until it gives up its heat to the walls of the bell. As a result, we obtain a system that accumulates the heat of hot air in a limited volume. The movement of hot air in the hood occurs due to the natural forces of nature and does not require external energy. If you pass a stream of hot air through the lower zone of the hood, the hood accumulates its heat. The heat of the hot air will be transferred to the walls of the hood and the heat exchanger placed inside the hood, and excess heat (cooled air) will be released outside. The heat exchanger can be water boiler registers, an air heating heater, a retort for fuel gasification, etc.
A moving gas flow in a heat generator with any convective system transfers thermal energy and combustion products. To find out the difference in the mechanism of gas flow movement in the PDG (forced movement) and LDH systems, let’s imagine that the heat source is an electric heater. In this case, there is no need to remove combustion products. In an LDH system, for example a two-tier bell furnace, thermal energy is transferred due to the natural forces of nature, even with the pipe valve closed (without pipe draft). Heat transfer occurs over time, and if the hood and heat exchanger do not have time to absorb all the heat of the electric heater, then its excess in the form of exhaust hot air will flow into the second hood. In the second bell, the transfer of thermal energy occurs according to the same pattern as in the lower bell. This process of transferring thermal energy reflects the essence of the name of the system, “free movement of gases (FMG)”. To remove combustion products, if the source of thermal energy is fuel combustion, a pipe draft is required. It should be noted that the movement of gases inside the bell will be turbulent.
Unlike the LDH system, in the PDH system the transfer of thermal energy is possible only in the presence of pipe draft.
clay oven Arkaim The design of the Arkaim stove itself is interesting. In it, when combining the hearth and the well, a natural and strong air draft was created. The air entering the well column (in the illustration below) was cooled by the water located in the well column and entered the firebox. It is known that melting bronze requires a fairly high temperature, which cannot be achieved without supplying a large volume of air to the combustion site.
Clay Aryan oven Arkaim
"The ancient Aryans were provided with sewerage. Moreover, each dwelling had a well, a stove and a small domed storage. Why? Everything ingenious is simple. We all know that from a well, if you look into it, cool air always comes out. So, in In the Aryan stove, this cool air, passing through an earthen pipe, created a draft of such force that it made it possible to melt bronze without the use of bellows! Such a stove was in every home, and the ancient blacksmiths could only hone their skills by competing in this art! Another earthen pipe, leading to the storage facility, ensured a lower temperature in it." (Rites of Love, chapter Arkaim - Academy of the Magi, p. 46). 
Although the practical production of a Vedrus stove is more complicated than any ordinary stove, the result of its work will be the solution to virtually all the energy problems of the estate, including the generation of electricity. Its efficiency will not be inferior to the famous Spirin stove (remember, in whose stove all the pots melted?) and maybe even surpass it if we correctly restore the principle of its operation.
If you forgot, I’ll quote a little from this publication by A. Elakhov:
“Once they told me the following story. Just before the Great Patriotic War, our government announced a competition for the best economical stove. It’s understandable: almost all of Russia was heated with wood, how much wood flew into the chimneys! The most prominent minds of the Motherland took part in the competition. The best The projects were selected and compiled into a book, but they did not come to fruition due to the war.
At the end of the forties, one stove maker returned to his native village and first decided to turn over the stove to the old woman. I climbed into the attic and found a yellowed book with unfulfilled projects. I chose the project of Grzhimailo, a specialist in the field of ferrous metallurgy. The stove was folded, dried, and heated. The old woman put cast iron in the oven and went to milk the cow. She returned, poked her head towards the stove, but there were no cast irons. Cast iron melted.
I admit, I believed that story at first, until I met in Kirillov with a general store loader, Alexander Pavlovich Spirin. He showed me a stove of his own design, in which if the pots don’t melt, then the next day you can bake pies. Spirin’s stove was so amazing that if I hadn’t seen it with my own eyes and felt it with my own hands, I wouldn’t have believed it. The stove burned without smoke. Not at all. And there were many other amazing things about her."
So, I think that in Spirin’s oven the same principle was used that the Magi of Arkaim used in their miracle ovens. What I mean is that the reason for the colossal heating of the furnace is the cold air supplied from below into the furnace. There is no absurdity here, since the supply of cold air was also used in ancient smelting furnaces.
By the way, our 18th century Russian scientist Mikhailo Lomonosov came closest to the secret of the miracle stoves. While visiting the Ural mines, he noticed the cool air coming from the mines and became interested in this phenomenon. This is what the same Vladimir Efimovich Grzhimailo, whose work Alexander Spirin found in the attic, writes about him: calling Lomonosov his predecessor, he wrote in the preface to his book:
“In his dissertation “On the free movement of air noted in mines” (1742), he gave a crystal clear idea about the movement of air in mines and chimneys. His theory of squeezing out warm smoke by heavy, cold, outside air was perfectly understood by the whole world. But on this is where the matter stopped. In further attempts to explain the movement of gas in furnaces, the word “draft” became confused, grammatically absurd, for the verb to pull implies a direct connection between the force and the object that is being pulled. There is no draft in furnaces and chimneys: there is squeezing out the warm air of smoke heavy air, as M.V. Lomonosov correctly pointed out; he never used the word “thrust”.
In this case, my question arises: what force causes the cold air to move upward? For example, take the case of two communicating vessels containing water. You can take a flexible building level. No matter how we change the height of either end of the hose, the water in both vessels is always at the same level. Can the same thing happen if the communicating vessels contain not a liquid, but a gas? Yes, if the diameter of the vessels is the same. But if one vessel has a diameter of a decimeter, and another vessel has a diameter of a meter, will the gases occupy the same level relative to the surface of the earth? Indeed, in this case it is necessary to take into account the atmospheric pressure on the upper area of the gas. Let's take a Vedrus well connected by a channel to a stove. The diameter of the outlet channel is 8-12 cm, the cross-section of the well channel is equal to a square meter. Obviously, the pressure of the atmospheric column into the well will be greater than the pressure of the atmospheric column into the outlet channel, plus the weight of the cold air located in the well itself, which means that the cold air will be quietly squeezed into the combustion space of the furnace, fulfilling the purpose of the ash.
It turns out that draft, the presence of which in modern stoves was so valued by stove-makers, is a harmful phenomenon in stoves with free movement of gases, since there is an uncontrolled release of valuable heat into the surrounding space and its irreversible loss of up to 80%, which also means that up to 80% of the forest cut down and burned in vain. The ecology of the soil and atmosphere is disrupted, as substances harmful to health remain due to incomplete combustion of fuel, the content of carbon dioxide in the air increases, and the greenhouse effect intensifies. To eliminate the harmful phenomenon of draft in a Vedrus stove, the outlet channel from the firebox must be arranged in the lower part, in the cold air zone. Thus, hot gases and hot air circulating in the upper compartment of the furnace are not removed to the outside, but accumulate increasing heat. This is where the temperature that melts metals comes from. A mixture of cool air and lower hot gases captured by the flow is removed from the combustion chamber. Having reached the top of the pipe, the gases are finally cooled and thrown out barely warm, in fact, as three scientists from the Yaroslavl Research Institute recorded while studying Alexander Spirin’s furnace
Of the modern stove designers who use the scientific developments of Professor Grum-Grzhimailo, I know only Igor Kuznetsov, but he, of course, does not use the well principle in his developments, although he has achieved high efficiency in his stove designs. Here I will give the basic operating principle of his free gas movement (FGM) furnaces.
The system of free movement of gases (FGM) in heat generators as interpreted by I.V. Kuznetsov. Heat generators are built according to the formula “The lower tier and the firebox are combined into a single space and make up the lower hood.” The essence of the formula. We are talking about burning fuel in a firebox located in a bell and optimally using the thermal energy released. The essence of the concept: to obtain the maximum amount of heat from fuel when it is burned; use the resulting heat to the maximum extent; The design of the heat generator must meet functional requirements and ensure maximum heat transfer.
The cap is a vessel turned upside down. Let's fill the cap with a portion of hot air. The hot air, as lighter air, will rise upward, displace the cold heavy air from the bell, and will remain there until it gives up its heat to the walls of the bell. As a result, we obtain a system that accumulates the heat of hot air in a limited volume. The movement of hot air in the hood occurs due to the natural forces of nature and does not require external energy. If you pass a stream of hot air through the lower zone of the hood, the hood accumulates its heat. The heat of the hot air will be transferred to the walls of the hood and the heat exchanger placed inside the hood, and excess heat (cooled air) will be released outside. The heat exchanger can be water boiler registers, an air heating heater, a retort for fuel gasification, etc.
A moving gas flow in a heat generator with any convective system transfers thermal energy and combustion products. To find out the difference in the mechanism of gas flow movement in the PDG (forced movement) and LDH systems, let’s imagine that the heat source is an electric heater. In this case, there is no need to remove combustion products. In an LDH system, for example a two-tier bell furnace, thermal energy is transferred due to the natural forces of nature, even with the pipe valve closed (without pipe draft). Heat transfer occurs over time, and if the hood and heat exchanger do not have time to absorb all the heat of the electric heater, then its excess in the form of exhaust hot air will flow into the second hood. In the second bell, the transfer of thermal energy occurs according to the same pattern as in the lower bell. This process of transferring thermal energy reflects the essence of the name of the system, “free movement of gases (FMG)”. To remove combustion products, if the source of thermal energy is fuel combustion, a pipe draft is required. It should be noted that the movement of gases inside the bell will be turbulent.
Unlike the LDH system, in the PDH system the transfer of thermal energy is possible only in the presence of pipe draft.
