How to pour concrete: mixture preparation, laying, features. Is it possible to pour the foundation for a house in high quality parts? Pouring the foundation several times

The question of whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts is of interest to most private developers. The only correct technology for staged concreting are the recommendations of the set of rules SP 70.13330 of 2012, given in paragraph 5.3.12. The seams must be perpendicular to the axes of the walls; dismantling the vertical lintel to continue work on the adjacent site is allowed only after the concrete strength has reached 1.5 MPa.

In slab foundations, vertical partitions are placed parallel to the short sides of the house at an arbitrary distance, in strip foundations - in the middle thirds of straight sections.

To understand whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts, it is necessary to become more familiar with the processes of formation of cement stone. Hydration begins immediately after contact between water and cement and lasts 2–4.5 hours, according to various sources. After this, obtaining a monolithic structure is impossible:

• compacting a new portion of concrete with a vibrator in the immediate vicinity of an already poured area will lead to the destruction of the cement stone that has begun to form without the possibility of gaining strength;
• when pouring in layers until the lower belt gains strength of 1.5 MPa, the upper mixture will destroy its structure;
• if concreting is carried out after strength has been gained, the film formed on the surface of the “cold seam” will not allow obtaining a monolithic structure.

Thus, in accordance with the current set of rules SP 70.13330, the technology of vertical jumpers is used, mounted at a certain distance from the corners of the structure (the middle third of a straight section of the wall). When installing vertical jumpers in slabs, problems usually do not arise:

• in the formwork panel, slots are cut for bars of reinforcing mesh, which cannot be cut categorically;
• rods are inserted into them, the remaining cracks are foamed;
• the lintels are supported by braces.

For shallow belts, the technology is similar to the previous method, since at low heights two reinforcement belts are allowed. For deep belts at the middle level, structural reinforcement becomes necessary, the rods of which cannot be physically passed through the vertical partition panel. Therefore, prefabricated panels are used:

• in the lower section, cuts are made for the lower, middle armored belt;
• install it in place;
• build up this shield with a piece of formwork with cuts for the upper reinforced belt in place.

In difficult cases, instead of plywood or board panels, a chain-link mesh with a small mesh (1 x 1 - 2 x 2 cm) is used, the inner surface of which is covered with roofing felt or film.

In violation of this document, private developers practice pouring in layers or with jumpers installed at 45 degrees:

• layer-by-layer technique - after reaching 70% strength (the next day at a temperature of +30 degrees, two weeks later at a temperature of +10 degrees), the surface is cleaned of film with an angle grinder, a metal brush or chemical reagents (for example, Himfrez Cleaner + Himfrez Activator), the following is poured layer;
• inclined lintel - surface cleaning, concreting similar to the previous option.

Realizing that a monolith is unattainable in this case, developers use techniques to improve the performance characteristics of the foundation:

• reinforcement of each fill layer in two levels;
• release of reinforcement in cold inclined joints at right angles to the plane of poured concrete.

In the first case, the developer receives several independent strips with the correct arrangement of reinforcement for tensile work. The lower frame is laid before pouring the first layer, the upper one is installed after the concrete has hardened. A protective layer is maintained in each tape (2 - 7 cm, according to SP 52-101 standards).

Attention! Layer-by-layer filling and inclined lintels do not meet the requirements of current building codes. Just like pouring MZLF into earthen formwork, the lack of drains at the level of the base of the foundation, insulation of the blind area, backfilling of the sinuses from the outside with heaving materials, this leads to a sharp decrease in the service life of underground structures operating in aggressive environments.

Why is it better to fill it entirely?

The main justification for vertical partitions when concreting foundations in several stages is the location of the reinforcement cages. In its pure form, concrete works exclusively in compression; the longitudinal rods near the upper edge of the tape and the soles take on tensile forces.

With horizontal, inclined seams, the developer automatically receives several structures with one reinforcement belt, which are not able to cope with the loads without opening cracks.

That is why monolithic foundation slab or strip is much stronger than several independent layers stacked on top of each other. Due to the small prefabricated loads of wooden buildings, such foundations can have a solid operating experience, even if technology is violated. However, experts cannot recommend them in principle.

The information provided will help you actually calculate the forces and prepare jumpers in advance if it is impossible to fill the foundation in one go. Professionals strongly recommend exclusively vertical partitions, despite the inconvenience of their installation with a high percentage of reinforcement. This will dramatically increase the service life and avoid strengthening, repair or restoration of the foundation in the future.

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When a monolithic foundation is poured, there is a need for large volumes of concrete, which sometimes exceed several cubic meters. Construction companies approach this issue by using heavy equipment such as concrete pumps and mixers. They allow you to mix the solution and feed it into the formwork.

Why layer filling?

Private developers do not always have the opportunity to use such equipment, because it is quite expensive, and for small areas such an approach may be unacceptable due to the lack of access roads for equipment. This problem can be partially solved using a concrete mixer, but the volume of mixture that can be prepared in one load is limited. In this case, builders are wondering whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts, because this sometimes affects the strength of the foundation and its operational properties.

Maturing of concrete

Concrete is a mixture of fillers and cement that are mixed with water. To increase fluidity, give the mixture special properties and increase frost resistance, plasticizers and additives can be added to concrete during mixing. At this stage, you may also be wondering whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts. Pouring a liquid solution into a form called formwork involves the beginning of irreversible processes in concrete, namely:

• grasping;
• hardening.

During the first stage, the solution begins to come into a solid state, because water and cement components interact with each other. But the bonds between the ingredients remain not strong enough, and if a load is applied to the material, it may collapse, and the solution will not re-set.

What else you need to know about the stages

This phase can vary depending on the air temperature and lasts from 3 hours to a day. As the temperature decreases, concrete takes longer to set. At the initial stage, it remains liquid, without changes. If during this period a new portion of concrete is added to the formwork, then destruction of the cement bonds will not occur.

At a temperature of 20 °C, the liquid stage will last for 2 hours, but if the temperature drops to zero, then this period will last for 8 hours. The time before setting begins can be extended by constantly mixing the concrete, but its characteristics will be improved, so you should not abuse the method.

Pouring concrete at the hardening stage

If you are faced with the question of whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts, you should also study the stage of concrete hardening. This phase will last quite a long time, because the components will gain strength over many years. The first 28 days are considered a mandatory period for the structure to remain in place until it gains strength. In this case, hardening occurs quickly, which is especially important for the first day; after that the speed slows down.

In the first hours after setting, the concrete will not have such a high hardness, and if you add another portion, this may cause small cracks to appear, because the load on the structure will increase. After three days, these loads do not have a similar effect on the first layers. Taking into account the peculiarities of the maturation of the solution, it can be argued that pouring the foundation in parts can be carried out, however, it is important to follow certain rules.

When a private developer wonders whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts, first he must study certain rules for carrying out such work. They state that when mixing individual batches of concrete in succession, you should limit yourself to two hours or less between pours in warm weather. If work is carried out in the off-season, then this time can be increased to 4 hours. The strength of the foundation does not change, and seams are not formed.

If you are wondering whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts, then you must remember that long breaks in work should not exceed three days. After a break, where you are supposed to pour a fresh portion should be cleaned of moisture, dust and dirt. It is important to clean with a wire brush. In this case, the seam will have good adhesion.

Step-by-step instructions for pouring the foundation in parts

It is better to pour the foundation continuously; sometimes work is not stopped for this even at night. As a result, it is possible to obtain a monolithic structure that has a high load-bearing capacity. But continuous pouring can be achieved only if you use a purchased solution, which will be supplied to the formwork from the concrete mixer tank. If the solution is prepared directly at the construction site, then instead of this technology, the partial pouring technique is used.

When asking the question of whether it is possible to fill a strip foundation in parts, you should know that if certain conditions are met, such a structure will not be inferior in terms of strength to the one formed using the monolithic pouring method. The technology of intermittent casting is as follows: at the first stage, it is necessary to form a reinforcement frame, which will consist of horizontal rods. They need to be separated by vertical connections. The distance between the horizontal rods should be selected according to the volume of fill. Usually it ranges from 10 to 12 cm.

If you are thinking about the question, you should read useful tips. From them you can find out that at the next stage you can prepare a solution to pour the first layer of concrete. In this case, the formwork should be filled evenly, while the thickness of the first layer should be equal to the distance between the horizontal rods, which should be reduced by 1.5 cm. This answers the question of how the foundation can be filled in parts with reinforcement. The second layer will flow under the horizontal reinforcement. As soon as the filling of the first layer has been completed, you can begin to prepare the second portion of the solution, which is poured from above.

This technique should be followed until the desired base height is achieved. The technology is also called layer-by-layer, and the individual layers will be fastened together with reinforcement. However, if the first layer has already begun to set and has reached the hardening stage, then the second pour can begin only after the first layer has hardened.

Many novice home craftsmen wonder whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts; the instructions presented in the article will help you understand this. From it you can learn that after pouring the first layer, when it is not intended to immediately begin forming the second, the surface should be wrapped in polyethylene, which will prevent unwanted evaporation of water. In this case, the second layer can be formed the next day; first, concrete milk must be removed from the surface.

If you have not had experience pouring a foundation before, then you first need to think about what brand of concrete you will use. It is recommended to pay attention to the operating conditions of the future design. This is due to the fact that different brands are characterized by a certain moisture resistance and frost resistance. If you are faced with the question of whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts, and what kind of concrete to carry out this work, you must definitely decide.

For difficult conditions, varieties M-300 and M-450 are usually used. If the conditions are not so severe, then concrete grades M-100 and M-200 can be used. M-100 and M-450 are prepared from the same ingredients, but the recipes are different. For example, M-100 is mixed from:

• 4 parts sand;
• 1 part cement;
• 6 parts gravel.

Whereas to prepare M-450 you should use:

• one part sand;
• one part cement;
• two parts gravel.

Conclusion

In order for cement stone to form, the solution will require 1 part water to 4 parts cement. But when you study the ratio of cement and water, you will understand that most often the proportions look like this: 3 to 2 and 2 to 1.

An important component of the construction of a building is the construction of a reliable, strong and sound foundation. The basis of the structure is the foundation that carries the load of the entire building and proportionally distributes its pressure on the soil. The strength and durability of the constructed building directly depends on the constructed support, giving it immunity to the appearance of cracks, curvature and warping of walls, window frames and door jambs. For error-free foundation design, it is necessary to take into account the landscape, soil structure, groundwater, and the degree of freezing of the soil layers. But the main stage is pouring, and most novice builders wonder whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts?

Taking into account time intervals when concreting in parts

To ensure that the quality of the foundation being built does not decrease, it is important to correctly determine the intervals and setting time of the concrete solution. The process of hardening the working mixture includes setting and hardening. The duration of the processes and their parameters depend on the brand of concrete.

The setting of the concrete solution is the initial stage after laying the working mixture. At this stage, it is important not to touch the poured surface, so as not to damage the structure and spoil the quality of adhesion. To combine the individual components of the solution, it will take at least three hours at an ambient temperature of more than 15 degrees Celsius.

The upper setting time interval reaches 24 hours at negative air temperatures. Thus, concrete will set faster at high ambient temperatures. It is worth understanding that the mixture sets only on the top layer; in the middle the solution remains liquid. Pouring in layers for 8 hours allows you to lay a new layer of thin concrete on top.

Hardening of concrete occurs after it sets and lasts for a month. After 30 days, the solution finally hardens and is able to withstand various loads. The need for such a long period is due to the use of a thick layer for pouring foundations. The next layer of concrete is poured during the hardening process only on the third day; until this time the poured concrete cannot be touched. Because it is capable of cracking.

Cracks on the surface are not always visible, but they exist, which means they can manifest themselves at the end of the construction of buildings and structures. Thus, laying the working mixture in two layers should take no longer than 8 hours in the cold season, no more than four hours in the autumn and spring, and no more than three hours in the hot season. Laying of subsequent layers should be carried out on a flat, cleaned and dried surface.

Laying concrete in parts requires not only compliance with time intervals, but also pouring methods, of which there are two: block and laying the mortar in layers. With a strip foundation with a filled trench underground, laying the working solution into the formwork should be carried out exclusively on the ground. This method will allow you to pour the mixture evenly end-to-end. With a monolithic strip foundation, block mortar should be laid. In this case, the seams will take a perpendicular position relative to the block joints.

Methods for pouring the foundation in parts

Concrete mortar can be laid in several ways, which depend on the time of the planned pouring. If the concreting process stops for less than 12 hours, then laying the mortar will consist of several parts. Upon completion of laying the part, the finished surface should be covered with roofing felt or film, which will prevent the solution from drying out. Before proceeding with subsequent installation on an already poured surface, you need to remove the concrete mortar from it.

Laying the mortar on the part of the mixture that has not yet hardened is called a “hot joint”. If the interval between laying the mortar exceeds 12 hours, then it is necessary to wait until the previous poured surface has completely hardened. If you neglect this advice, a crust will form on the laid concrete, under which the mixture will not have time to harden. When a new solution is laid on the crust, it will begin to crack under pressure, which will lead to undesirable consequences in the further operation of the foundation.

Layers when pouring the solution can be vertical and horizontal. The latter are laid at ½ half the height of the formwork and do not require delimitation. It is important to take into account the seam when laying the mortar; it should not be in the place where the reinforcing thread is located; it should be laid below or above the steel wire. Vertical pouring requires dividing the formwork using partitions.

Partial filling process technology

To build a strong monolithic structure, concrete should be supplied to the workplace continuously.

This supply will be provided by a mixer machine, which will speed up the concreting process and simplify it. The concrete mixer contains eight cubes of the working mixture; it is delivered to the construction site for further work. However, it is not always possible to carry out concreting in one step. The reasons for this are various: the machine with the concrete mixture is not delivered on time, there is not enough daylight hours, or the mixture is prepared with one’s own hands in a special concrete mixer, which requires time, which means it will not be possible to carry out concreting in one day. Therefore, it is necessary to lay the working mixture in parts.

Before starting concreting, it is important to prepare the formwork; it is installed around the area to be poured. When the formwork is fixed, concrete composition begins to be poured into it. You can prepare a concrete mixture yourself or purchase it at hardware stores. But in the first and second cases it should be diluted with water. Therefore, it is important to monitor the amount of liquid poured, because the brand of concrete will directly depend on it. The solution should resemble sour cream and not be too watery, otherwise it will take a lot of time to harden even at above-zero temperatures.

After the concrete mixture is prepared, you should start pouring it. Pour it into the formwork evenly in one stream. If you pour liquid on different sides, then the foundation will not be level. When the mortar is laid, it should be leveled and compacted. The compaction of the poured surface is carried out with a special tool, with the help of which vibration waves are created. If you don’t have such a tool, you can use a regular wooden plank, but you shouldn’t expect an ideal effect from it. The mixture must be compacted until the air bubbles leave the mixture.

Before proceeding with subsequent concreting, you need to maintain a time period, this applies to the horizontal method. When the area is filled, it must be covered with a special material that will protect the laid surface from precipitation and direct sunlight.

To improve the strength characteristics of concrete mortar, plasticizers can be added to it. Their use eliminates vibration of the poured surface and reduces the pressure from the new part of concrete on the previously laid one. In order for the results from additives to be positive, it is important to observe proportionality when adding them to the mixture.

To ensure that the poured surface is strong, reliable and free of cracks, it is important to adhere to the following recommendations:

• It is important to plan out the steps of the process.
• The area where work is planned should be divided into sectors.
• Taking into account the laying plan of the mixture, distribute its volume that should be supplied to the construction site.
• The working mixture must be laid evenly over the entire surface.
• To maintain the strength of the base and avoid seams, time intervals must be observed.
• When pouring the foundation of buildings in parts, it is important to take into account the recommendations for reinforcement.

The construction of monolithic foundations involves pouring large volumes of concrete mortar. For large construction organizations this does not cause any difficulties; the work is carried out using special equipment. But such machines are not always available to a private developer, and a concrete mixer allows you to supply the solution in portions. Therefore, the question becomes relevant whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts.

Methods for laying concrete mortar

It is useful for any craftsman, especially a beginner, to know that concreting involves the use of two methods: the hot seam method and the cold seam method.

The first method involves continuous pouring of concrete mortar, that is, the next portion is supplied until the previous layer sets. This method makes it possible to interrupt the process for 12 hours, but during this time the surface of the concrete must be covered with polyethylene or roofing felt. Before starting work after such a period, it is necessary to remove concrete milk from the surface.

The cold joint method involves pouring concrete mortar over long periods of time, during which the previous layer almost completely hardens.

To understand the essence of each method, you need to understand the process of hardening the concrete mixture.

How does concrete harden?

The concrete mass consists of cement, sand, expanded clay or water. The solution acquires fluidity, frost resistance and other special properties thanks to various additives and plasticizers. During the mixing process, the solution does not change its properties, but after preparation, the concrete mass is sent to the mold, where irreversible processes begin.

Setting of the solution

At this stage, the interaction of cement and water begins, which leads to the initial hardening of concrete. But in this state, concrete does not have much strength, so even minor loads can cause irreversible destruction of the mortar.

The duration of this phase ranges from 3 to 24 hours depending on the ambient temperature. The setting time of the solution increases with decreasing temperature. At the initial stage, which lasts about 2 hours at +20 0 C and about 8 hours at 0 degrees, no changes in the structure are noted, so adding a new portion does not affect the destruction of cement bonds.

You can extend the liquid stage of the cement mortar by constant stirring, but it should be remembered that in this case the quality characteristics of the concrete are reduced.

Hardening of the concrete mass

In this phase, hydration of the components of the concrete solution occurs. The process is very slow, so the strength gain lasts for many years. In order for concrete to gain strength in accordance with its brand, it must be kept for about a month. Moreover, the first day of this period is characterized by fairly rapid hardening, then the rate of this process decreases significantly.

During the first hours, the concrete does not have time to harden well, so a new portion of the solution, supplied under high pressure, can cause the formation of microcracks. After three days, the top layers gain sufficient strength and are therefore able to withstand the load of a new portion of concrete.

By analyzing the characteristics of concrete maturation, we can give a positive answer to the question of whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts. But the following rules must be observed:

• Between serving portions during summer filling there should not be more than 2 hours, in the spring-autumn period - more than 4 hours. Neglect of this rule leads to the formation of seams and a decrease in the strength of concrete.
• If there is a need for a long break in pouring, then this time should be at least 2-3 days. Continuation of work should begin with cleaning the surface with a wire brush, removing dust and water from the concrete. Only in this case can good adhesion of the seams be achieved.

Methods for pouring a strip foundation in parts

To get a strong and reliable foundation, it is necessary to follow the technology of pouring concrete mortar in parts. At the same time, the private developer immediately has the question of how these parts should be arranged: in layers, blocks or obliquely. According to sanitary standards, portions of concrete can be arranged as follows:

• The horizontal method involves pouring concrete mortar layer by layer. To do this, divide the trench into even horizontal parts and fill each part separately.
• When pouring vertically, it is necessary to divide the trench into blocks using metal partitions.
• The diagonal option involves dividing the area at an angle of 45 degrees and installing a complex reinforcing frame. This method is used to create complex shapes, and therefore requires special skills.

Regardless of the chosen pouring scheme, before starting work, a diagram must be drawn up, which indicates the procedure for filling the formwork structure with concrete mortar.

For strip foundations, in most cases, horizontal or vertical filling is used, each with its own characteristics.

• Firstly, they must be laid correctly in relation to the working seam. Horizontal pouring requires the presence of vertical reinforcing elements; block laying should not be carried out without longitudinal reinforcing rods.
• Secondly, vertical pouring requires additional labor, with the help of which strong metal partitions are installed and dismantled during the work process. The horizontal method of filling the formwork structure does not involve any complex manipulations, therefore it is considered simpler and more accessible.

In addition, you should remember some rules for pouring the foundation in parts:

• Neither with the horizontal nor with the vertical method should construction joints be allowed to be located at the same level as the reinforcement bars.
• Each part of the poured solution should be thoroughly compacted to remove air bubbles.
• If the formwork is created only for the above-ground part of the foundation, then when pouring horizontally, one of the seams should be at the level of the ground surface.

The strength and reliability of the foundation of a house largely depends on the correct pouring of the concrete mixture and. Therefore, it is very important to follow all recommendations regarding the technology of work of this type.

Choosing a foundation is a task no less important than building the structure itself. The service life of the living space depends on how correctly the frame construction work is completed. The question of whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts is relevant for novice craftsmen. To avoid errors, you should adhere to the partial filling scheme and use high-quality building materials.

Stages of hardening the base

It is difficult to obtain a high-quality monolithic frame without the use of special equipment. Pouring the foundation in two stages is advisable if the work is carried out manually, taking into account certain intervals for the solution to harden.
The maturation of concrete occurs in 2 phases: setting and hardening.

• setting is the first stage in concreting formwork. The constituent particles of the solution interact with each other, forming a dense, homogeneous structure. The time for setting the frame depends on weather conditions, temperature conditions and varies from 3 hours to one day. The most favorable air temperature is considered to be from +15 C. To completely set the formation in winter it will take about 8 hours, in autumn-spring - 4 hours, in summer - 3 hours.
• hardening is the final stage of ripening of the solution, which lasts about a month. At this stage, a new layer of concrete can be poured after three days. A poorly hardened surface will crack under the pressure of a fresh portion of cement, reducing the performance properties of the structure. Before forming the next layer, the previous one is dried and cleaned with a metal brush.

Adhere to the specified intervals so that when pouring the foundation in several stages, you will obtain a strong monolithic frame without flaws or defects.

Types of foundation sealing

A pre-compiled sketch will help you navigate the work process more easily. The places to be divided should be marked on it, the depth and dimensions of the foundation should be recorded. The partial method of filling a concrete frame provides several options. Which method to choose depends on the area and configuration of the residential building:

• horizontal. It is rational to use the gradual formation of the base in layers for the construction of a strip foundation. The working reinforcement is fixed perpendicular to the joining seams. The level of filling and the height of the layers depend on the location of the vertical frame. It is unacceptable to place seams at the level of metal rods.
• vertical. It occurs with the help of blocks and requires the installation of auxiliary longitudinal formwork and fixation of coupling units with clutches at the corners of the building.
• diagonal. It is advisable to use partial filling for the construction of residential premises of impressive size. The difficulty lies in the fact that the area is divided by diagonals at an angle of 45 degrees, so it is recommended to entrust construction work to professionals.

In practice, horizontal filling is most often used, because The technique is not complicated and the cost of building materials is not high.

Filling methods for seams

SNiP 2.02.01-83 regulates two ways to correctly pour a foundation regarding connections.

Hot seam technology

The technique consists of alternately applying layers without complete solidification. Suitable for formwork made of rigid materials, it allows you to build a frame in a short time. The process consists of several technological steps:

1. We concrete the bottom layer of the base.
2. Cover with film for no more than 12 hours.
3. We remove the resulting white liquid with a stream of air or water, a scraper or a chemical cutter.
4. Fill the top layer.

To maintain the integrity of the frame, the seams must be perpendicular to the surface of the slab and carefully processed.

Cold seam technique

It has a vertical position, formed as a result of installing partitions around the entire perimeter. You can start the second phase of cementing after a 12-hour break. This is the minimum period of time for the surface to cool completely. Rush in this case is not appropriate. If you pour cement mortar onto a poorly hardened surface, deformation will occur, which will lead to the appearance of cracks. Crevices allow water to pass through, which destroys the structure of concrete and reduces the reliability and strength of the structure.
High-quality and properly prepared cement mortar will increase the durability and safety of the building using any method. You need to add water in parts so that the consistency of the mixture is identical to thick sour cream.

How to draw up a sketch of work?

Before you start pouring the cement mixture, you need to visualize the layout of the foundation. The project will determine the number of points where the solution will be poured. Practicing builders recommend choosing one of the following schemes:

• Vertical division. The base is divided into the required number of elements by metal plates. The solution is poured between the resulting sections. Once the mass has hardened, the separators are removed and the composition continues to be poured;
• Oblique filling option. Justified only when constructing multi-story buildings. The technology is a diagonal division of compartments at an angle of 45 degrees;
• A horizontal or layered scheme is used in private construction. The partitions are not mounted, but the height of the layers is noted on the project.

When working with a sketch, it is recommended to note the parameters and level of the foundation layers. Used spaces are crossed out as they are filled.

Step-by-step instructions for layer-by-layer foundation pouring

Form a concrete base mainly in the warm and dry season. When there is a high concentration of moisture in the air, water accumulates in the cement and forms pores; at low temperatures, it freezes.

1. Design. The stage of construction work on which the stability and stability of the structure depends. We determine the type, depth, method of reinforcement, and filling, taking into account the characteristics of the soil and climatic conditions. We stock up on building materials.
2. We construct and install reinforcement to give the foundation the correct geometric shape.
3. Mix the concrete solution. We combine sand, gravel, and M400 cement in proportions of 3:7:1, adding water to the required consistency. To increase the waterproofing properties of concrete, use plasticizers that increase adhesion to reinforcement.
4. We fill the foundation evenly around the perimeter in parts. Using the level we adjust the errors of plane deviation from horizontal and vertical.
5. We level and compact the solution using a vibrator or tamper. The maximum height of one layer is no more than 0.2 m.
6. To prevent the concrete mixture from leaking out, use edged boards when making the forming element. They fit together well. Moisten the lumber with water three hours before pouring the foundation so that the wood does not absorb water from the concrete solution.
7. Cover the surface of the first layer with polyethylene, leaving gaps along the edges. The back side of the film should not touch the foundation level. In good weather, the shelter may not be used.
8. We maintain the required time interval.

You can begin the next stages of arranging the foundation in parts after the concrete has fully matured. This will take one month. For four weeks, the base must be periodically moistened and protected from precipitation and exposure to high temperatures.

Is it possible to fill a strip foundation in parts? That’s what dacha owners are interested in. In some cases, it is even recommended to use a partial approach. This helps to reduce financial costs, make the foundation high-quality, durable without the help of specialists.