Who heads the Federation Council in the year. Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation: formation procedure, composition, powers. Specifics of creating a Federation Council

Introduction

I. History of the Federation Council

II. The Federation Council as a structural subdivision of the Parliament

2. Authority

III. Structure of the Federation Council

2. Divisions and their functions

3. Guide

IV. New in the organization of activities

Conclusion

List of used normative legal acts and literature

Introduction

Parliament, in accordance with the principle of separation of powers, being a body of national representation, exercises legislative power in the state. Historically, the bicameral structure of parliament arose in Western countries as a way to restrain one chamber (the upper) from the excessive radicalism of the other (the lower).

In the Russian Federation, bicameral parliament is a fairly new phenomenon, having emerged only in 1990. At this time, the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, which included the Council of the Republic and the Council of Nationalities, acted as a representative body. Before this, starting with the October Revolution of 1917, the highest representative body of Russia was unicameral. However, bicameralism in the Russian Federation in the period from 1990 to 1993 turned out to be not very effective: the chambers of the Supreme Council mostly met jointly, and the dominant role was played by the Presidium, the governing body of the parliament as a whole, suppressing the initiative of both chambers.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted in 1993, established a new representative body - the Federal Assembly, which exercises legislative power in the Russian Federation. From that moment on, the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 introduced fundamental changes in the understanding of the structure of the federal parliament. The heterogeneous procedure for the formation of the chambers of the Federal Assembly and their exclusive competence served as a striking example of this. In paragraph 1 of Article 95, the Constitution established the structure of parliament: “The Federal Assembly consists of two chambers - the Federation Council and the State Duma.” Since the Federation Council is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, it should be noted that it is the bearer of a huge “package” of powers, and at the same time it exists as a fundamental basis for regulating the most important issues arising in the public sphere.

In general, all subjects of jurisdiction, composition, structure and status of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation are regulated by relevant normative and legal acts, which, as a rule, are periodically supplemented or changed.

From the moment of its formation to the present, the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation as the chamber of the Russian Parliament has been studied by many scientists. Both constitutionalists in Russia and abroad, as well as well-known specialists in the field of state and legal disciplines, are interested in the Federation Council as the upper house of the Federal Assembly. Along with them, the Federation Council is also considered with undying interest by figures who have contributed to the field of historical sciences. Among the leading constitutionalists of the country we can highlight M.V. Baglaya, E.I. Kozlov, O.E. Kutafin and I.V. Grankin, who made a significant contribution to the constitutional law of the Russian Federation. Each of them wrote more than one scientific work on the constitutional law of the Russian Federation, and along with this, more than one book devoted to this branch of law, which became the first reference book for any constitutionalist. Also, such experts as N.V. also devoted separate articles to the Federation Council. Zorkin, S.M. Benetova, O.O. Mironov and L.A. Kravchenko.

As part of the course work, it is impossible to reflect all the information about the Federation Council, so I will try to dwell on the most important points concerning this chamber. I consider it necessary to most fully disclose issues affecting the history of the emergence of the Federation Council, status, composition, and its competence.

I. History of the Federation Council

For the first time a body called "Federation Council" was created on July 17, 1990 under the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR (B.N. Yeltsin) and included the chairmen of the Councils of all autonomous republics, autonomous regions and autonomous districts (31 people) and the Chairmen of some regional, regional and city Councils (31 people). From January 30, 1991, it included the chairmen of the Councils of all 88 (then 89) subjects of the Federation. In July 1991, the post of Chairman of the Federation Council was inherited by the new head of the Supreme Council R.I. Khasbulatov.

On September 8, 1993, President Yeltsin convened a meeting of the leaders of the executive and representative authorities of the regions, which had been previously announced by the constituent assembly of the new Federation Council and the prototype of the upper house of the new parliament, an alternative to the current Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation. The meeting participants refused to sign the document on the creation of the Federation Council.

The Federation Council as the upper house of parliament was created by presidential decree No. 1400 of September 21, 1993 “On the dissolution of the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation.” The "Regulations on federal authorities for the transition period" approved by the decree provided that the Federation Council acts as a composition of the chairmen of legislative (representative) authorities and heads of executive power (presidents of the republics) of each subject of the Federation until the expiration of the powers of the Councils of People's Deputies of the current convocation (March 1995 ). The Federation Council was supposed to begin its parliamentary function after the election of the new State Duma. Yeltsin soon revised his decision: on October 9, 1993, he issued a decree on the elections of new representative bodies in the regions, and on October 11, he ordered direct elections to the Federation Council of the first convocation in 89 two-mandate constituencies. The Constitution, adopted in a referendum on December 12, 1993, established that the Federation Council “includes two representatives from each subject of the Russian Federation: one each from the representative and executive bodies of state power.”

The Federation Council of the first convocation (elected), by way of exception established by the transitional provisions of the Constitution, was elected directly by the population on December 12, 1993 for a two-year term and met from January 11, 1994 to January 15, 1996. The Chairman of the Federation Council from January 13, 1994 to January 23, 1996 was Vladimir Filippovich Shumeiko.

The specific mechanism for forming the Federation Council from representatives of regional authorities should have been established by federal law. The first version of the law (July 1995) - on direct alternative elections from among candidates nominated by regional authorities - was rejected by the President. A week before the expiration of the term of office of the parliament of the first convocation, on December 5, 1995, the Duma adopted and the President signed a laconic law that came into force on December 13, 1995 and was in force until August 2000. In accordance with this law, the Federation Council includes two representatives from each subject of the Russian Federation: the head of the legislative (representative) and the head of the executive body of state power, ex officio. In a bicameral legislative (representative) body of a subject of the Russian Federation, a joint decision of both chambers determines its representative to the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the law prescribed that in all regions where heads of administrations were appointed by presidential decrees, elections should be held no later than December 1996.

Second (“governor-speaker”) Federation Council was formed on January 23, 1996 for an unlimited term, but met from January 23, 1996 to December 26, 2001. Thus, the actual period of its activity, including the “transition period,” was 7 years. During this period, Yegor Semenovich Stroev was elected Chairman of the Federation Council. The 1995 law on the procedure for forming the Federation Council was appealed to the Constitutional Court by both chambers of parliament. However, the request sent on December 9, 1995 by the Federation Council of the first convocation was withdrawn by the new composition of the chamber at its very first meeting. A similar request from the new State Duma was rejected on April 10, 1997. The Constitutional Court recalled that the Duma itself could exercise its powers to amend the law it disputes, instead of trying to influence positions in the internal parliamentary discussion with the help of the decision of the Constitutional Court.

The State Duma Committee on Legislation prepared a draft law replacing the official principle of forming the Federation Council with an elected one. President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin submitted to the Duma in May 2000 his draft law on the procedure for forming the Federation Council, providing for the replacement of the heads of executive and legislative authorities of the regions with representatives of these bodies. On May 31, 2000, the Duma considered both projects and adopted Putin’s draft in the first reading. After the law was adopted by the Duma as a whole, it was rejected by the Federation Council. After the work of the conciliation commission, created at the insistence of the Duma, the Federation Council approved the law in the agreed version. The law was signed by the President on August 5, published in the Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation and came into force on August 7, 2000.

The transitional period of “coexistence” in the Senate of governors and speakers on the one hand and “appointees” on the other lasted from August 7, 2000 (the date of entry into force of the new law on formation) until January 30, 2002 (the “organizational” 81st meeting).

Third Federation Council was finally formed by January 1, 2002 for an unlimited period and has been sitting in a completely renewed composition since January 16, 2002. The rules and structure of the chamber were reformed on January 30, 2002. The Chairman of the Third Federation Council, Sergei Mikhailovich Mironov, was elected earlier - on December 5, 2001 (re-elected on January 29, 2003).

Expiration date*: September 2019

Born in April 1949.

In 1972 she graduated from the Leningrad Chemical and Pharmaceutical Institute.

From 1984 to 1986 worked as first secretary of the Krasnogvardeisky district committee of the CPSU of Leningrad.

In 1985 she graduated from the Academy of Social Sciences under the CPSU Central Committee.

From 1986 to 1989 she worked as deputy chairman of the Lensovet Executive Committee.

In 1989 she was elected people's deputy of the USSR. Being one of the youngest women deputies, she headed the Committee of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on Women's Affairs, Family Protection, Motherhood and Childhood.

In 1991, she completed advanced training courses for senior diplomatic officials at the Diplomatic Academy of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1991 V.I. Matvienko moves to the diplomatic service, where she worked until 1998. Has the diplomatic rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR, Russian Federation to the Republic of Malta.

Director of the Department for Relations with the Subjects of the Federation, Parliament and Socio-Political Organizations, member of the board of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Russia to Greece.

Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.

In 2003, V.I. Matvienko is appointed as the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Northwestern Federal District, and then, in the same year, he is elected Governor of St. Petersburg, the “Northern Capital” of Russia.

On August 31, 2011, she was appointed a member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation - a representative in the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation from the executive body of state power of the city of St. Petersburg. On September 21, 2011, she was unanimously elected Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, and in 2014 she was again re-elected to this high government post. Since September 2011, he has been a permanent member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. In November 2011, she was elected Chairman of the Council of the Interparliamentary Assembly of Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Has state awards: Order of the Badge of Honor (1976), Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1981), Order of Honor (1996), Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree (1999), Order of Merit for the Fatherland » IV degree (2003), Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree (2009), Order of Merit for the Fatherland, I degree (2014), Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called (2019).

He has a number of foreign state awards: the Order of the Grand Badge of Honor on a ribbon for services to the Republic of Austria (2001), the Order of Princess Olga III degree of the Ukrainian People's Republic (2002), the Grand Cross of the Order of Honor of the Hellenic Republic (2007), the Grand Knight's Cross of the Order Lion of Finland (2009), Order of the Legion of Honor of the French Republic (2009), Order for Great Love for Independent Turkmenistan (2009), Order of Friendship of Peoples of the Republic of Belarus (2009), Maltese State Order of Merit for the Republic (2013 year), Order of Dostyk 2nd degree of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2016).

She was also awarded many medals.

Has a son and granddaughter.

Leisure: literature, theater, painting, music, sports (tennis, alpine skiing).

1. Chairman of the Federation Council:

a) convenes meetings of the Federation Council, including extraordinary ones;

b) forms a draft agenda for a meeting of the Federation Council, submits it for consideration by the Council of the Chamber, submits to the Federation Council a draft agenda for a meeting of the Federation Council considered by the Council of the Chamber;

c) conducts meetings of the chamber;

d) signs resolutions of the Federation Council;

e) administers the oath of office to persons appointed to the positions of judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation;

d1) (clause “d1” is excluded in accordance with Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated December 15, 2010 No. 556-SF);

f) is in charge of the internal regulations of the chamber in accordance with the powers granted to it by these Regulations;

f1) carries out general management of the organization and implementation of activities for the implementation of permanent parliamentary control;

g) distributes responsibilities between the First Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council and the Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council (as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated September 19, 2008 No. 305-SF);

h) organizes the work of the Chamber Council and conducts its meetings;

i) coordinates the work of committees of the Federation Council ;

j) sends for preliminary consideration to the committees of the chamber in accordance with the issues within their jurisdiction approved by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the State Duma) draft laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws adopted by the State Duma, and also bills, amendments to bills developed by a committee of the Federation Council, a member of the Federation Council, which are expected to be submitted to the State Duma in order to exercise the right of legislative initiative of the Federation Council (as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 2011 No. 568-SF);

k1) sends to the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, at its request, documents and materials necessary for conducting a public examination of draft laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, draft federal constitutional laws and federal laws (except for materials containing information constituting state or other protected secret by law) (clause “k1” was introduced in accordance with Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated March 24, 2006 No. 85-SF);

l) sends for consideration to the legislative (representative) bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation the adopted laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation;

m) sends to the President of the Russian Federation for signing and official publication the laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws and federal laws approved by the Federation Council;

o) sends to the State Duma draft laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws and federal laws rejected by the Federation Council;

o) sends to the committees of the Federation Council in accordance with the issues under their jurisdiction, as well as to the Legal Department of the Staff of the Federation Council for the preparation of proposals, legislative acts adopted by the Parliament of the Union State, the Interparliamentary Assembly of the Eurasian Economic Community, model legislative acts adopted by the Interparliamentary Assembly of the Commonwealth Member States Independent States, as well as drafts of these acts (as amended by resolutions of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated October 6, 2006 No. 308-SF; dated December 27, 2011 No. 568-SF);

p) represents the chamber in relations with federal government bodies, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, public associations, as well as with parliaments of foreign states, international organizations, state and public figures of foreign states;

c) participates in conciliation procedures used by the President of the Russian Federation in accordance with Part 1 of Article 85 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation to resolve disagreements between federal government bodies and government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as between government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

r) coordinates the organization of parliamentary hearings, round tables and other events held in the Federation Council;

s) approves the schedule for the reception of citizens by members of committees of the Federation Council, and also forwards individual and collective appeals from citizens received to the Federation Council to other officials of the Federation Council for consideration (as amended by resolutions of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated February 12, 2003 No. 25-SF; dated December 27, 2011 No. 568-SF);

t) resolve other issues of organizing the activities of the Federation Council in accordance with these Regulations and other regulatory legal acts;

x) exercises general management of the Staff of the Federation Council and controls its activities ;

v) approves, in agreement with the Council of the Chamber, the structure of the Staff of the Federation Council;

w) approves the staffing level of the Federation Council Staff (as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated May 29, 2002 No. 254-SF);

w) with the consent of the Council of the Chamber, appoints and dismisses the Chief of Staff of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Chief of Staff of the Federation Council), and also, on the recommendation of the Chief of Staff of the Federation Council, appoints and dismisses first deputies (first deputy ), Deputy Chiefs of Staff of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and other employees of the Staff of the Federation Council in accordance with the Regulations on the Staff of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation;

w1) signs a certificate for the honorary badge of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation “For services in the development of parliamentarism” ( paragraph “sh1” was introduced by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated May 26, 2004 No. 152-SF);

y) signs and presents the Certificate of Honor of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation;

e) by decision of the Council of the Chamber, signs and sends to the President of the Russian Federation proposals for awarding state awards to members of the Federation Council and employees of the Staff of the Federation Council;

z) signs and sends invitations of the chamber to members of the Government of the Russian Federation and other persons in the manner established by Article 77 of these Rules;

i) leads the work on planning the activities of the chamber;

z1) signs a power of attorney to a representative of the Federation Council when considering a case by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation;

z2) submits for consideration of the Federation Council proposals on candidates for the appointment of authorized representatives of the Federation Council from among the members of the Federation Council (as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated November 19, 2014 No. 530-SF);

z3) approves instructions for office work in the Federation Council and instructions for working with citizens’ appeals in the Federation Council (as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated February 9, 2005 No. 20-SF);

z4) gives instructions to committees of the Federation Council (as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated February 22, 2012 No. 38-SF);

z5) gives instructions to other officials of the Federation Council (as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated March 26, 2003 No. 79-SF).

2. The Chairman of the Federation Council issues orders and gives instructions on issues within his competence.

3. The Federation Council has the right to cancel an order of the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the order of the Chairman of the Federation Council) that contradicts the legislation of the Russian Federation and these Regulations.

4. The Chairman of the Federation Council or, on his instructions, the First Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council submits to the Federation Council reports on the activities of the chamber and on the draft program of its legislative work in accordance with the procedure established by a decision of the Federation Council, which are discussed at meetings of the Federation Council. Based on the results of the discussion, the Federation Council may adopt resolutions (as amended by resolutions of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated May 26, 2004 No. 152-SF; dated September 19, 2008 No. 305-SF).

5. The Chairman of the Federation Council, after agreement with the Council of the Chamber, approves the rules for providing interbudgetary transfers from the federal budget to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to reimburse expenses associated with material support for the activities of members of the Federation Council and their assistants in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and the rules for providing subsidies from the federal budget for state support for the media established by the Federation Council, submitted to the Council of the Chamber by the Federation Council Committee on Rules and Organization of Parliamentary Activities (as amended by resolutions of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated June 18, 2008 No. 223-SF; dated December 27, 2011 No. 568-SF).

6. The Chairman of the Federation Council approves the standards for financial, logistical and other support for the activities of members of the Federation Council, agreed upon in the prescribed manner by the Federation Council Committee on Rules and Organization of Parliamentary Activities.

(Part 6 was introduced in accordance with Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated June 18, 2008 No. 223-SF; as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 2011 No. 568-SF.)

The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is the country's highest representative institution. It ensures the expression of the interests of the population and conducts rule-making activities. The formation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with current legal acts. The structure includes two bodies, the competence, features of creation and activities of which are regulated by Federal Laws No. 113 and 175.

Upper house of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation

It is a permanent structure. It includes 2 representatives from each region of the country. The Council is created in accordance with Federal Law No. 113. The competence of the Federation Council includes the following issues:

1. Calling elections for the head of state and removing him from office.
2. Approval of decrees issued by the president on the introduction of military force in the country as a whole or in its individual areas.
3. Appointment and removal from office of the Prosecutor General, deputy chairman of the Accounts Chamber and 50% of its auditors.
4. Approval of borders between regions.
5. Appointment of officials of the High Courts.

The Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation also gives consent to the deployment of the country's armed forces outside its borders. His responsibility also includes the approval or rejection of draft regulations.

Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation

It is formed of 450 deputies. This body is the lower house of the Federal Assembly. The election of deputies is carried out for 4 years. The first meeting is scheduled for the 30th day after the elections or earlier than this date. Voting for deputies is carried out in the manner prescribed by Federal Law No. 175 and other regulations governing electoral law. The following issues fall under the jurisdiction of the State Duma:

1. About trust in government.
2. Appointment and removal from office of the chairmen of the Central Bank, the Accounts Chamber and 50% of auditors, as well as the Russian Commissioner for Human Rights.
3. Bringing charges against the president to remove him from power.
4. Approval of the candidacy for the post of Prime Minister proposed by the head of the country.

In addition, the State Duma discusses and adopts draft regulations.

Rulemaking

The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is considered a key subject of the legislative process. The State Duma accepts draft regulations and sends them to the Federation Council for approval. To resolve any disagreements that arise between them, a conciliation commission is created. An adopted normative act is considered to be a document approved by the State Duma and approved by the Federation Council. The procedure for adoption and approval is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The Federal Assembly sends the adopted and approved act to the president for signature.

Dissolution of the State Duma

It is carried out by the president. The grounds for dissolving the State Duma may include:

1. Three times the candidacy for the post of Prime Minister proposed by the head of the country was rejected.
2. Denial of confidence in the Supreme Executive Body. In this case, the initiative must come from the chairman of the government.

The dissolution of the lower chamber is not allowed:

1. For a year since its creation.
2. From the date of bringing charges against the president until the adoption of a decision on it by the Federation Council.
3. During a state of emergency or martial law in the country.
4. For six months before expiration

After the dissolution of the State Duma, the head of the country sets a voting date. Moreover, it should be determined in such a way that the newly created body meets no later than four months. since disbandment.

Specifics of creating a Federation Council

As part of improving the public administration system, an administrative reform was carried out. During it, certain changes were made to the procedure for the formation of parliament. New rules were introduced into the Law “On the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation”. In particular, the procedure for creating the Federation Council was determined. It included the heads of the executive and legislative bodies of the subject. However, by the end of the 1990s. this system was found to be ineffective. In accordance with the Law adopted on August 5, 2000, the Federation Council began to include not heads, but representatives of the executive and legislative bodies of the subject. The heads of these structures appoint relevant officials within three months from the date of taking office. This decision is formalized in the form of a resolution (decree). If at an extraordinary or scheduled meeting a third of the total number of deputies votes against the appointment, the order does not come into force.

Nuance

It should be noted that the procedure for nominating representatives to the Federation Council from the unicameral and bicameral representative bodies of the subject is different. In the first case, from the date of the first meeting, a representative is elected within three months at the proposal of the chairman. In the second case, candidates are proposed alternately by both chambers. An alternative proposal may be made by a group of deputies. A representative from each house is nominated for half of its term. The decision on appointment is made by secret ballot. The government body notifies the Federation Council about it no later than the next day after the resolution comes into force and sends the corresponding act to the Federation Council within five days.

Other changes

The reforms affected the rules for electing deputies to the State Duma. The fourth convocation was formed in accordance with the Federal Law adopted on December 20, 2002. Elections took place 50% in single-mandate constituencies and 50% according to lists submitted by political parties. Candidates could also run as self-nominated candidates, from an electoral bloc, or as part of an association. Only those parties that have overcome the 7% threshold can exercise the right to nominate persons. The decision to present a list of candidates is approved by secret ballot. The total number of persons nominated by the party cannot be more than 270 people.

Regulatory acts of the Federal Assembly

The powers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation are clearly regulated by legal documents. Each body included in the structure of the FS makes decisions by majority. On some issues, a different procedure for approving resolutions may be provided. Such cases are prescribed in the Constitution. It contains norms that clearly establish the range of issues within the jurisdiction of the FS. In particular, the powers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation are established in Art. 102 and 103. The Federation Council, for example, approves decisions both on issues within its competence by current regulations and those directly related to its internal activities. The latter are determined by regulations, provisions and the relevant Federal Law. The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation often considers topical issues relating to the life of the country. Resolutions often point out shortcomings of existing government agencies, and include appeals to representative structures about the need to adopt certain regulations to improve the situation. At the same time, every year the president reads a message to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. It sums up the work completed and also sets new tasks. In accordance with them, the agenda of FS meetings is formed.

General areas of work

The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation consists of two relatively independent parts. The main work on the adoption of regulations is carried out in the State Duma. The Federation Council also has legislative initiative. Draft regulations that are submitted for consideration undergo legal review and are endorsed by responsible persons. The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, through the Federation Council, can make statements and appeals, including to the government and the president. They are adopted in the manner prescribed for the approval of resolutions. As a rule, wishes are of a recommendatory nature. As for the State Duma, it can also receive appeals and statements. They are formalized by resolutions. Appeals and statements are quite diverse in content. They are adopted much more often than in the Federation Council. The most pressing issues in them are problems of a socio-economic and internal political nature. At the same time, such appeals and statements, while having a certain impact on the executive structures of power, cannot contain binding norms for the government or the president. In this regard, they, like the recommendations of the Federation Council, can have exclusively moral and political significance. State Duma statements and appeals concerning the resolution of international issues have a particular influence on the activities of the executive branch. As a rule, they assess the foreign policy processes of foreign countries. Accordingly, such appeals and statements can cause quite a large international resonance.

Parliamentary Center

In the mid-2000s. Discussion began on the idea of ​​uniting the Federation Council and the State Duma in one building. In 2012, this proposal was supported by D. Medvedev, the then president of the country. The authors of the project for the construction of a new structure justified its need for the crowdedness in the offices of parliamentarians, the great remoteness of the services necessary for them to effectively carry out their duties, as well as the desire of the leadership to move power structures from the central part of the city to reduce traffic congestion. Various areas were considered for placement. It was proposed to locate the parliamentary center on Kutuzovsky Prospekt, in Moscow City, on Frunzenskaya Embankment, at Tushinsky Airfield, on Krasnaya Presnya, on Sofiyskaya or Moskvoretskaya embankment. In September 2014, however, an area in the Mnevnichenskaya floodplain was selected.

Implementation difficulties

Members of the Federation Council and the State Duma were asked, together with the Office of Presidential Affairs and the Federal Security Service, to choose a project for a future structure based on an architectural competition. However, the works caused aesthetic disagreements among parliamentarians. It was not possible to resolve them even during a repeat competition. The issue of financing was particularly challenging. It was initially assumed that the costs of constructing the parliamentary center would be borne by a private investor, who would subsequently receive ownership of these structures. In the future, it was possible to build a hotel complex, entertainment facilities, etc. in its place. It is assumed that the work of the parliamentary center could begin as early as 2020. However, according to information from other sources, construction was postponed due to the difficult socio-economic situation for an indefinite period .

Conclusion

The Federal Assembly acts as the highest representative and legislative body in the country. Its main task is rule-making activity. The Federal Assembly discusses, supplements, changes, and approves the most important laws on topical issues arising in various spheres of state life. The current regulations establish the procedure for adopting the Federal Law. It involves several readings of the draft in the State Duma, discussion, and the making of proposals and amendments. A prerequisite is the agreement of the document with the Federation Council. If the Federation Council identifies any shortcomings, appropriate recommendations are drawn up. They, together with the draft act, are sent back to the State Duma. The State Duma, having approved the amendments, votes for the adoption of the law. After that, it is again sent to the Federation Council, and from there to the president for signature. At the same time, the head of the country can veto the Federal Law. The competence of the Federal Assembly also includes other issues relating to the internal political and socio-economic life of Russia.

As Article 95 of the Constitution indicates, the Federal Assembly, i.e. parliament, is two chambers: the State Duma and the Federation Council. The latter is also informally called the Senate. The main document regulating its activities is Regulations of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The Senate carries out many tasks at the highest level. The importance of his activities for the state is difficult to overestimate. Let us next consider the features of the upper house in parliament.

General information

Member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation- an official representing a specific region of the country on behalf of the highest executive or legislative institution of government. There are two employees from each subject in the Senate. In total, there are currently 170 people in the upper house. It is worth saying that this number has changed several times since 1993 due to the unification of regions and the formation of new ones.

Historical reference

The Federation Council was formed in accordance with amendments to the Constitution introduced in 1990. It acted as an advisory department to the president of the country, who headed it. It included the presidents of the union republics. With further amendments to the Constitution, the status of the Federation Council was determined in a separate chapter 15.2 of the Basic Law. The amendments included the Vice-President of the USSR, who had a casting vote, in the Federation Council. The law also established that decisions in the Federation Council are made by a majority of at least 2/3 of those present.

Since January 30, 1990, it included chairmen of the Councils from 88, and subsequently 89, subjects. In July 1991, there were personnel changes. In particular, he was appointed. Khasbulatov became it. The Federation Council of the RSFSR was convened three times under the leadership of Yeltsin. On September 18, 1993, the president organized a meeting of representatives of the legislative and executive power structures of the constituent entities. It was announced in advance as a constituent assembly at which the issue of forming a new Federation Council to replace the existing SND was to be decided. Representatives of the regions refused to sign the document on its creation until the competence of the structure was approved by the current parliament.

Features of the formation of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation

In total, historians distinguish 4 stages in the creation of the upper chamber. The first occurs in the period from January 1994 to January 1996. The transitional provisions of the Constitution of 1993 indicated that the first was convened by citizens electing representatives in single-mandate constituencies for 2 years. In the future, it was planned to establish the procedure for convening by a separate law. Accordingly, elections were held on December 12, 1993.

First Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation sat from January 11, 1994 to January 15, 1996. As an analysis of the practical work of the Senate showed, it did not always cope with the tasks assigned to it in “filtering” bills adopted in the State Duma. Chairman of the Federation Council- Shumeiko - was elected on January 13. 1993 He was a deputy from the Kaliningrad region.

Second phase

It falls on the period from January 1996 to December 2001. Taking into account the not entirely satisfactory experience of the first convocation, it was decided to reform Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Compound The Senate has undergone a number of changes. In particular, a law was approved according to which governors, as well as heads of regional legislative assemblies, were members of the Federation Council according to their positions. Every Member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation worked on a temporary basis. Representatives of the regions came to Moscow for regular meetings. They also participated in the work of commissions and committees. Stroev acted as the head of the Senate during this period. He was elected Chairman in 1996 on January 23rd.

Third stage

At the beginning of V.V. Putin's presidency, a new reform of the Senate was proposed. The transformations involved replacing governors and senior officials of legislative assemblies with appointed representatives. These employees were included in the Council on a permanent basis. In this case, one of the representatives was appointed by the governor, and the other by the legislative institution of the subject. The reform, thus, deprived senior executive officials of the opportunity to independently lobby their interests in Moscow and take part in political events and party life at the federal level. However, these individuals were offered some kind of alternative.

A State Council was formed for the leaders of the constituent entities, which does not have constitutional status. It meets periodically in the capital. The president is also present at the meetings. Current domestic and public issues are discussed at the meetings. Finally structure of the Federation Council of the Russian Federal Assembly The Federation was created by January 2002.

Final stage

In December 2012, a new law came into force, which established the procedure for creating the Senate. The normative act defines the requirements for candidates for representatives from the regions. Currently, a citizen can become a member of the Council:

1. Reached 30 years of age.
2. Having an impeccable reputation.
3. Living in one place within the Russian Federation continuously for at least five years.

Only its deputy can act as a representative from the legislative institution of the regional government. Candidates are submitted by the chairman of the faction or a group of fellow party members. The decision is made by majority. As for the representative from the executive power structure, his candidacy is determined in advance. During the election of the highest person in the region, each candidate provides a list of three people. If the required number of votes is received, the first on this list will become a representative of the Federation Council. A second or third person can become a senator only if the powers of the previous one terminate early. The decision to grant a person the appropriate status is made by the elected citizen after taking office (the next day).

Nuances

It is worth noting an important innovation introduced by the law of 2012. The regulatory act excluded the possibility of early recall of a regional representative on the initiative of the legislative assembly or the governor. The procedure for terminating the powers of a senator is similar to that provided for a State Duma deputy. The Speaker of the Federation Council sends to the government institution that elected the representative from the region information about the latter’s attendance at meetings.

Restrictions

IN Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation Persons may not enter:

1. Those who have citizenship of another state, a residence permit or other document certifying the right to permanently reside outside the Russian Federation.
2. Recognized as partially or completely incompetent.
3. Those serving prison sentences, according to a court verdict.
4. Having a criminal record for serious/especially serious acts.

Characteristic

Advice Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation acts as the "Chamber of Subjects". He represents the interests of all regions at the highest level. The structure of the Council reflects the federal principle of Russia's structure. The Senate acts as an institution for integration and consolidation of subjects. It ensures a balance of national and regional interests in the process of making various decisions aimed at achieving strategic goals and development of the country. Bodies of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation are created on a non-partisan basis. Representatives of the regions do not form factions or other political associations. The Federation Council is a body operating on a permanent basis. The Senate cannot be dissolved by the president (unlike the State Duma). Meetings of the Federation Council are convened when necessary. However, they must be organized at least twice a month. All members of the Council are vested with immunity for the duration of their powers. They cannot be subjected to personal search, detention, and preventive measures may not be applied to them. The exception is cases expressly established by law.

Appointment of representatives

A candidate from the legislative institution of regional power is elected by him for the period of his powers. The proposal is made by its head. A group of deputies has the right to present an alternative candidate. To do this, its number must be no less than a third of the total number of members of the legislative assembly. A representative from the executive institution of government is appointed by the person holding the highest position in the region. The election of a member of the legislature is carried out by secret ballot.

Documenting

The results of voting on senatorial candidates are indicated in the relevant resolution. If the nomination is made by a bicameral legislative assembly, the corresponding act is drawn up by both chambers. The decision made by the highest official on the appointment of a senator is formalized by decree. In accordance with the rules enshrined in the legislation, the act comes into force if, at a scheduled or extraordinary meeting of the representative structure, 2/3 of the total number of deputies does not speak out against the candidate. The decree of the executive body is sent for consideration within three days. Decisions of representative bodies are transmitted to the Senate within 5 days from the date of their entry into force.

Objectives of the Northern Fleet

IN powers of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation includes consideration of the following:

1. Approval of changes in the boundaries of subjects.
2. Appointment of elections of the head of state.
3. Approval of presidential decrees introducing a state of martial law.
4. Removal of the head of the country from his post.
5. Appointment of judges of the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, Supreme Arbitration Court.
6. Approval of the candidacy and removal from the post of Prosecutor General.
7. Appointment and dismissal of the deputy chairman and 50% of auditors from the Accounts Chamber.

Additional functions

The Federation Council determines authorized representatives of the Economic Court within the CIS. Candidates are approved according to the rules established for judges of the Supreme Arbitration Court. In accordance with the law, the Senate can consider proposals received from the head of the country on the appointment or recall of diplomatic representatives in international organizations and foreign states.

Specifics of activity

The rules of the Senate are established in the Constitution, federal legislation, decisions made by the Council, and also in the Rules of Procedure. The head of the Federation Council is selected from among the representatives. His deputies are in charge of issues related to the internal regulations of the chamber. A collegial body is being created to promptly consider current problems.

Features of the meetings

Hearings are organized from 16.09 to 15.07. The meeting is considered valid if more than half of the total number of representatives have attended. Resolutions of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation are mandatory. The priority issues to be discussed are:

1. Messages and addresses of the head of state.
2. Changes in chapters 3-8 of the Constitution, bills approved by the State Duma and subject to mandatory consideration.
3. Draft resolutions of the Senate on issues within its jurisdiction.
4. Proposals to revise the provisions enshrined in Chapters 9 and 1, 2.
5. Laws approved by the State Duma on the denunciation and ratification of international treaties.
6. Proposals for sending requests to the Constitutional Court.

The Federal Laws adopted by the State Duma and subject to mandatory consideration include regulations relating to:

1. Federal fees, taxes.
2. Credit, customs, financial, currency regulation, as well as money issue.
3. Status and protection of the state border.
4. Federal budget.
5. War and peace.

Typically, the Senate considers most laws passed in the lower house. As Article 105 of the Constitution (Part 4) indicates, the Federal Law is considered approved if more than half of the elected members of the Council voted for it or it was not discussed for 14 days. If the Federal Law is rejected, the chambers may form a conciliation commission. With its help, disagreements that arose in the process of adopting a normative act are resolved. Approved laws are submitted to the president within five days for signing and promulgation.

Lawmaking initiative

The Senate has a fairly large amount of powers. In particular, he can submit to the lower house draft laws or provisions of the Constitution, proposals for amendments or additions to the latter. It is worth saying that representative regional bodies have the same opportunity. The Senate can also amend the content of the bill during its consideration in the lower house.

Additionally

Organizational, legal, documentation, analytical, financial, information, logistical, medical, transport, economic, social and welfare support is assigned to the apparatus of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. This unit operates on a permanent basis. Expenses, staff, structure are determined by the head of the Senate. Employees are given the status of civil servants. In accordance with Article 101 of the Constitution, committees and commissions are created under the State Duma and the Federation Council. They are also permanent.

Committees of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation resolve specific issues within their competence. In particular, they carry out preparations, preliminary consideration of draft laws, and organize parliamentary hearings convened by the chambers. Their competence includes resolving issues related to their own activities. Committees may also deal with other matters within the jurisdiction of the chambers. According to the laws adopted by the State Duma, they prepare conclusions. Through their activities, Senate committees contribute to the implementation of constitutional provisions and legislative norms. The Federation Council may form temporary commissions. Their activities are limited to a certain period or specific tasks.

The functions of the commission, the period during which it will work, the staff, and powers are determined in the regulations of the Senate. The Federation Council also forms a permanent commission. She deals with issues related to parliamentary procedures and regulations. Similar units are being created in the State Duma. They also solve specific problems within their competence. If necessary, commissions and committees of both parliamentary chambers hold joint meetings. The head of state may also attend them.

This article defines the structure and composition of the Federal Assembly. The Parliament of the Russian Federation has a bicameral structure, that is, it consists of two chambers: the State Duma and the Federation Council.

Bicameral parliaments are quite widespread abroad. The presence of a second chamber of parliament complicates the procedures for parliament to carry out its functions, since the most important decisions of parliament pass through both chambers, and significant political and organizational efforts are often required to achieve agreement. In federal states, the creation of a second chamber is justified by the need to represent the interests of the constituent entities of the Federation at the level of the federal legislative branch.

In Art. 95 determines the quantitative composition of each chamber of the Federal Assembly. For the State Duma this is an absolute figure - 450 deputies. The number of members of the Federation Council is determined by the number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The Federation Council includes two representatives from each subject of the Federation. Currently, the Russian Federation has 89 constituent entities (republics, territories, regions, federal cities, autonomous regions, autonomous districts). Accordingly, the Federation Council should consist of 178 members.

5. Number of deputies of the State Duma:

Explanation:

6. A citizen who has achieved:

B) 21 years old;

Explanation:

Having reached the age of 21 and having the right to participate in elections (moreover, the same person cannot be simultaneously a deputy of the State Duma and a member of the Federation Council). A deputy of the State Duma of the first convocation could simultaneously be a member of the Government of the Russian Federation (according to the transitional provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). From 2007 to 2011, deputies of the State Duma were elected using a proportional system (based on party lists). The pass barrier was 7%. From 2016, the barrier will again be 5%.

The First State Duma was elected together with the Federation Council on the day of the popular vote on the Constitution on December 12, 1993 for a period of two years (according to the transitional provisions of the adopted Constitution).

The term of office of the 2nd - 5th convocation of the State Duma is four years. Starting from the 6th convocation, deputies are elected for a period of five years.

7. The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation is appointed by:

A) the President in agreement with the State Duma;

Explanation:

Art. 111 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation

1. The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation is appointed by the President of the Russian Federation with the consent of the State Duma.

8. Acts issued by the Government:

B) Orders.

Explanation:

In accordance with Article 114 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Government of Russia has the following competence:

Development of the federal budget with its submission to the State Duma, execution of the federal budget;

Carrying out a unified financial, credit and monetary policy;

Carrying out a unified state policy in the field of culture, science, education, healthcare, social security, ecology;

Management of federal property;

Implementation of measures to ensure the country's defense, state security, implementation of foreign policy, legality, rights and freedoms of citizens, protection of property and public order, fight against crime;

Other powers assigned to the Government by the Constitution, federal laws, and presidential decrees.

On these issues, as well as within the framework of the implementation of the Constitution, federal laws, and regulatory decrees of the President, the Government of the Russian Federation issues decrees and orders, ensuring their implementation. By the way, projects developed by presidential decree on the listed issues must be coordinated with the Government.

The difference between a resolution and an order is defined by the federal constitutional law “On the Government of the Russian Federation”:

Resolutions are acts of a normative nature (that is, addressed to an unlimited number of persons and implying constant or repeated action);

Orders are acts that do not have a normative nature.